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Answers to Questions About Tense #3

Answers to Questions About Tense #3 Answers to Questions About Tense #3 Answers to Questions About Tense #3 By Mark Nichol Three inquiries from perusers about blending tenses, and my reactions to their inquiries, follow. 1. When I read the accompanying statement as of late, I pondered whether it’s wrong for all the action words to be in the past tense: â€Å"Smith said he accepted that the organization was attempting to scare representatives into not taking part in the panel’s efforts.† What do you think? Detailing is by and large introduced in the past tense, yet to keep on framing action words in the past tense may distort the realities. At the time that Smith talked, he held a conviction that he probably will hold into interminability, so the current state of accept is proper here. Be that as it may, regardless of whether the action word after organization ought to be in current state or past tense relies upon whether the supposed terrorizing is continuous. That was not the situation in this specific occurrence, however on the off chance that that isn't clear with regards to the total article, the correspondent ought to unequivocally state whether the terrorizing finished. The sentence should peruse, â€Å"Smith said he accepts that the organization was attempting to threaten representatives into not taking an interest in the panel’s efforts.† 2. Is the accompanying sentence appropriately developed?: â€Å"Launching across the nation on September 25, BankWorks is another help offered by Banking Services, a similar organization that brought you BankTrack and BankData.† Somehow the variety in action word tenses (propelling, is, brought) doesn't sit very right with me, however I can't state in the event that it isn't right. Blending tenses in sentences is fine, as long as every action word structure is reliable with the strained for that snippet of data. The administration will dispatch later on, however it is offered in the present, and the administrations BankTrack and BankData were built up previously, so the sentence is right. 3. What are your contemplations are with respect to tense utilization for revealed discourse? Think about the accompanying sentences: â€Å"John disclosed to me that he was married.† â€Å"John disclosed to me that he is married.† Which one would it be a good idea for me to utilize on the off chance that I need to state that John was hitched at the time he said he was hitched and he is as yet hitched at the hour of the detailed discourse? Compose, â€Å"John revealed to me that he is married† in the event that he had a life partner at the time that he addressed you. Compose, â€Å"John revealed to me that he was married† if John is currently single. (Blending of tenses is right if the setting warrants it, yet it contradicts some common norms, and we’re so used to seeing it wrong, particularly in nonprofessional composition, that it might appear to be mistaken.) Need to improve your English in a short time a day? Get a membership and begin getting our composing tips and activities day by day! Continue learning! Peruse the Grammar class, check our mainstream posts, or pick a related post below:Apply to, Apply for, and Apply withAbstract Nouns from AdjectivesWhen to utilize an

The Fashion of Gotham Speaks Louder Than Script

The Fashion of Gotham Speaks Louder Than Script Full disclosure: I gave up on the story of the new television series, GOTHAM. But I keep reading the recaps. This is largely due to my interest in seeing what the characters are wearing each week. I find the costumes of the show fascinating, and invited genre-fashion blogger Anika Dane to talk more about the clothes and styles of GOTHAM. Sigrid:  As a casual observer of the show, it seems that a lot of thought has gone into the semiotics of the characters. Broadly speaking, everyone on the show seems to be wearing social armor. Yet all the characters have individual looks. Can you describe how this works? Whose armored looks are most interesting to you, and why? Anika:  There are both social and personal cues in play, yes, and they are both very helpful when theres a cast this large. Layer one is social norms, and it includes dress codes, class differences, tropes. For example, the audience can tell the difference between beat cops and detectives in the GPD because the detectives wear suits. Thats something we recognize instantly from our own experience or twenty years of Law Order. Little Bruce Wayne doesnt wear blue jeans because theyre beneath his station. Little Selina Kyles leather jacket and gloves indicate shes tough. Layer two is personal character design the choices the character, and costumer, make to differentiate them from the crowd. Edward Nygma wears stripes instead of solids. Harvey Bullock has a favorite hat. Some characters cultivate an entire look: Oswalds dapper penguin, Selinas street cat. I find the details most interesting. Oswald dresses for the job he wants, not the job he has, but he does it well, not quite wrong, but not quite right. So theres an added awkwardness, but that has actually helped him get by and gain power. I love Fish Mooneys costuming. She has the most variety in her wardrobe, but her design is very clear. She dresses herself up like a fancy, exotic, dangerous animal. Jada Pinkkett Smith is tiny but Fish has an enormous presence. Shes always the most colorful person in the room. But all of her jewelry looks like a weapon. One of Fishs points is awarded based on that cape She looks like a weapon, and its not concealed, its in plain sight. The only other character costumed that way is Jim Gordon. Hes probably the least interesting to look at, clothing wise, but thats the point his power is found in being a normal guy taking a stand. But Jims and Fishs costume design link them together and it supports the story. Dont mess with Fish Mooney. Why would anyone mess with Fish Mooney? Sigrid:  In what way do you think Jim Gordons look reveals him as a weapon? Because I find him boring as watching paint dry, honestly Anika:  Well, I mean to put the emphasis on not concealed over weapon in that comparison they both hide their ambitions in plain sight. Jim is coded as exactly what he is: thirtysomething educated straight white male with a white collar job. And hes the hero. He has all the power and hes set up to succeed. He is his own weapon. Harvey, though he has the exact same job, wears the leather coat and jacket because he doesnt have Jims confidence, he needs to be reminded who he is. Youre right, Jim is totally boring, but I think its on purpose. Next Week: Gordon broods (probably)! Sigrid:  So, tell me about the different gangsters. How does the show distinguish between the mob factions, sartorially? Anika:  Id say Falcone is old money, and old world, while Maroni lives more in the moment. Falcone dresses down by taking off his suit jacket to reveal suspenders while Maroni takes off his tie and unbuttons his collar. It tells me that Carmine never really relaxes, never stops plotting. And Sal is more willing to get his hands dirty personally, and has more fun. Falcones people are also dressier than Maronis contrast Fish and Nikolai in colors and high end fabrics with Frankie Carbone in thug leathers black on black. Even his name sounds lower class. Also Carmine Falcone has a bird thing the chickens, the pigeons, his name and the people closest to him, Oswald and Fish, fit into it. Penguin is obvious but Fish has the plumage. She wears plenty of feathers, is surrounded by songbird trappings, and complains of being caged in.   Zsasz has a vulture thing going. Even Liza could be a dove or swan as well as a pawn. Sigrid:  So, animals are one sartorial axis. Is there another? Do we have color or fabric themes? Anika:  Id say Falcones people are more likely to wear color and Maronis are more likely to wear leather but in general the background mobsters are pretty interchangeable. Sigrid:  Any other observations you have about the fashion of the show? A character youd like to highlight? What about Selina, or Barbara Keen? Anika:  Selinas look is my absolute favorite and has been from the release of the first character posters. I bought her goggles. I love that it is a character design created by the character, she chose her own persona and plays it up every chance she gets. That is closer to the themes of the source material than others in the series but is also something teen girls do and I love that about her. Im also happy with the recent reveal in The Mask that she is just as much a pint size cat burglar stealing for kicks as a scrappy street kid stealing to stay alive. Her outfit is made up of pieces found in our real world and would cost at least $800 but until that episode I couldnt tell if the audience was meant to realize that. Now I feel like Selina specifically shoplifted a high end leather jacket because she could. As for Barbara, I honestly find her fascinating. We started this discussion with social armor and Barbara doesnt seem to have any. Its particularly interesting to contrast her with the other women in the story. Essen and Montoya are armored by adhering to the dress code of their profession while Fish and Selina are armored by crafting a look that fits the image they want to project. Barbara is consistently dressed in soft fabrics and muted, neutral colors. Shes worn what amounts to (sexy) pajamas in at least three scenes and in her kidnapping scene her skirt was so close to her skin color I wasnt sure she was wearing one. The most generous thing I can say about the way Barbara has been presented thus far is that shes a blank slate, a canvas that until now has been waiting for Jim Gordon to paint in her purpose. But shes left him and that gives me hope. Of the five women she has the most privilege, is closest to the Wayne type of Gothamite and if the death of the Waynes means the city has to save itself maybe Barbara is being set up to save herself, too. Thats what Im hoping for. Sigrid:  Im with you in that hope! Thanks again for joining us, Anika, and good luck with your future Gotham cosplays! Anika Dame can be found at manicpixiedust.com. She is the staff fashion blogger at both  Fantastic Fangirls and What the Fangirl. Her thoughts on geek fashion can also be found in the Hugo-Award-nominated essay collection Chicks Dig Comics. She tweets @manicpixiedane.   Sign up to The Stack to receive  Book Riot Comic's best posts, picked for you.

How Poisonous Are Green Potatoes

Have you ever been told to avoid the green part of some potatoes because theyre poisonous? Potatoes, and especially any green part of the plant, contain a toxic chemical called solanine. This glycoalkaloid poison is found in all members of the nightshade family of plants, not just potatoes. The chemical is a natural pesticide, so it protects the plants from insects. How toxic is solanine from potatoes? Which other plants contain solanine, what are the symptoms of solanine poisoning, and how many potatoes would you have to eat to get sick or die? Plants That Contain Solanine Deadly nightshade is the most lethal member of the plant family. The berries are a well-known classic poison. Many edible plants are related to deadly nightshade but they are not nearly so dangerous. They include: PotatoesPeppers (both sweet and hot)EggplantTomatoes (some reports indicate that tomatoes contain the alkaloid tomatine rather than solanine) All parts of the plant contain the compound, so theres a risk from eating too much of the leaves, tubers, or fruits. However, glycoalkaloid production increases in the presence of photosynthesis, so the green parts of the plants tend to contain the highest levels of the toxin. Solanine Toxicity Solanine is toxic if its ingested (eaten or in a drink). Toxic symptoms appear at doses of 2-5 mg/kg body weight, with lethal doses at 3-6 mg/kg body weight. Symptoms of Solanine Poisoning Solanine and related glycoalkaloids interact with mitochondria membranes, disrupting cell membranes, and inhibiting cholinesterase, leading to cell death and possibly causing birth defects (congenital spina bifida). The onset, type, and severity of the symptoms of exposure depend on an individuals sensitivity to the chemical and the dose. Symptoms may appear as quickly as 30 minutes after eating solanine-rich foods but usually occur eight to 12 hours after ingestion. Gastrointestinal and neurological symptoms are most noticeable. At low levels, symptoms include stomach cramps, nausea, burning throat, headache, dizziness, and diarrhea. Cardiac dysrhythmia, hallucinations, vision changes, slowed breathing, fever, jaundice, hypothermia, loss of sensation, dilated pupils, and death have all been reported. How Many Potatoes Does It Take? Basically, an adult would need to eat a lot of potatoes to get sick...usually. Solanine isnt the only toxic chemical found in potatoes. A related compound, chaconine, is also present. Potato shoots (eyes), leaves, and stems are higher in glycoalkaloids than potatoes, but green potatoes contain significantly higher amounts of the toxic compounds than non-green portions. In general, the solanine is concentrated in the potato skin (30 to 80 percent), so eating just the skin of the potato or its eyes would be more likely to cause a problem than eating the whole spud. Also, solanine levels vary according to potato variety and whether or not the plant was diseased. Potato blight, in particular, elevates toxin levels. Since there are so many factors, its difficult to put a number of how many potatoes is too many. Estimates on how many potatoes youd have to eat on average to get sick or die are around four and a half to five pounds of normal potatoes or two pounds of green potatoes. A large potato weighs roughly half a pound, so its reasonable to expect you could get sick from eating four potatoes. Protecting Yourself Against Solanine Poisoning Potatoes are nutritious and delicious, so you shouldnt avoid eating them just because the plant contains a natural defensive chemical. However, its best to avoid green-colored skin or potatoes that taste bitter (both signs of high solanine content). The National Institutes of Health advises people to avoid eating potatoes with green skin. Peeling green potatoes will remove most of the risk, although eating a few potato chips with green edges wont hurt an adult. Its recommended that green potatoes not be served to children since they weigh less and are more susceptible to the toxin. Neither children nor adults should eat potato plant leaves and stems. If you do experience the symptoms of solanine poisoning, contact your doctor or a poison control center. If you experience solanine poisoning, you can expect to experience symptoms for one to three days. Hospitalization may be required, depending on the level of exposure and severity of symptoms. Treatment typically includes replacing fluids and electrolytes from vomiting and diarrhea. Atropine may be given if there is significant bradycardia (slow heartbeat). Death is rare. Sources Friedman, M. Postharvest changes in glycoalkaloid content of potatoes. U.S. National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, 1999, Bethesda MD. Gao, Shi-Yong. Effect of solanine on the membrane potential of mitochondria in HepG2 cells and [Ca2]i in the cells. World Journal of Gastroenterology, Qiu-Juan Wang, Yu-Bin Ji, National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine, June 7, 2006. Potato plant poisoning - green tubers and sprouts. MedlinePlus, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, June 3, 2019. Tice, Ph.D. Raymond. Review of Toxicological Literature. National Center for Biotechnology Information, Integrated Laboratory Systems, February 1998, Research Triangle Park, NC.

The Things They Carried By Tim O Brien - 1039 Words

â€Å"My life is storytelling. I believe in stories, in their incredible power to keep people alive, to keep the living alive, and the dead.† Tim O’Brien’s novel, The Things They Carried, was filled with embellished stories and memories of war veterans. O’Brien’s reasoning for writing that particular book was because he believed that while a memory can die with a person, written words are forever set in stone. In his book, War was every one of the soldier’s enemy; It did not matter which side they fought on. War took men physically and mentally. O’Brien displayed how war stories were based on a certain soldier’s experiences, morals, and personality; Readers never truly knew fact from fiction. O’Brien’s intended audience were readers who were†¦show more content†¦He chose war and went home. â€Å"I feared war, yes, but I also feared exile†(O’Brien 42). O’Brien considered himself a cowar d because he chose war, but above all, he feared that his family would dishonor him. He was embarrassed not to go to war and ended up putting others’ morals before his own. In addition to the theme of morality found in â€Å"Rainy River†, it is also noticeable in the chapter â€Å"Church†. During the war, O’Brien’s unit had just come across a pagoda, a buddhist temple, and a pair of monks who lived there. The monks invited them to set up camp and helped the soldiers with water, cleaning guns, and more. Henry Dobbins chatted with Kiowa about joining the monks when the war was over, because he believed in the friendliness of religion by being amiable and helping others. Both exchanged words about what religion meant to them and Kiowa stated that he had always been religious and enjoyed the comfort and silence of being inside a church. â€Å"Setting up here,† he says, â€Å"It’s wrong. I don’t care what, it’s still a church†(O’Brien 116). Kiowa did not believe in setting up the unit’s base operations inside of a holy place. Growing up religious, Kiowa’s morals impacted his decisions and opinions made in war. Similar to the theme of morality, O’Brien discusses storytelling and memory in the chapter â€Å"Sweetheart of the Song Tra Bong.† Rat Kiley told the story of a man named Mark Foisse who flew his girl, Mary Anne, to visit him in Vietnam. The

Corporate Strategies to Hedge Commodity Price Risks Applying Free Essays

string(48) " time period in the future for a certain price\." Table of contents List of abbreviationsIII List of figuresIII List of tablesIII 1Introduction1 1. 1Problem and objective1 1. 2Structure of this paper1 2Background Information2 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Corporate Strategies to Hedge Commodity Price Risks Applying or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1Definitions of fundamental terms2 2. 2Commodity price risk in different firms2 3Explanation of derivatives3 3. 1Options3 3. 2Futures4 3. 3Forwards6 3. 4Swaps6 4Hedging strategies with derivatives7 4. 1Hedging with options7 4. 2Hedging with futures7 4. 3Hedging with forwards8 4. 4Hedging with swaps8 5Pros and cons of hedging strategies with derivatives8 5. 1Pros and cons of options9 5. Pros and cons of futures9 5. 3Pros and cons of forwards10 5. 4Pros and cons of swaps10 6Practical example of corporate commodity price risk hedging10 6. 1Introduction on firm’s practical hedging strategy10 6. 2Analysis on this strategy11 7Summary12 Appendix13 Appendix 1: Amounts outstanding of over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives by risk category and instrument——in billions of US dollar13 Appendix 2: Derivatives financial instruments traded on organized exchanges by instrument and location——in billions of US dollar14 Bibliography15 Internet Source16 List of abbreviatio ns CHClearing House IMInitial Margin MBMargin Balance MM NMaintenance Margin No OTCOver The Count VM YVariation Margin Yes List of figures Figure 1: Structure of this paper2 Figure 2: P of each option position4 Figure 3: Flow chart of marking-to-market process5 Figure 4: P of each future position6 Figure 5: Hedging model on fuel oil of Air China11 List of tables Table 1: Summary for 4 option positions4 Table 2: Summary for future positions6 Table 3: Summary for 4 derivatives9 1Introduction 1. 1Problem and objective The risk of commodity price is a ferocious topic in corporate operation. Corporate profit is equal to total revenue minus total cost. For firms, because of the high volatility on commodity price, their inputs and outputs relating to commodity are unpredictable. As a consequence corporate profit will be immensely volatile, which will possibly lead the firm to go bankruptcy if no any preventive actions are taken. For example, producers of commodities probably need to assume unexpected losses, when the price of outputs goes down or the price of necessary raw materials goes up. The situations are similar to wholesale buyers, retailers, exporters and even governments. Volatility of commodities price has great impacts on corporate daily operation. The objective of this term paper is to introduce derivative hedging strategies for corporate managers to reduce or even eliminate future unpredictability, mainly from the perspectives of the role commodity price risks play, what the typical derivative instruments are, where and how to apply these different derivatives in terms of hedging principles thereof, and both advantages and disadvantages when applying each derivative in real business transactions. 1. Structure of this paper Firstly, this term paper highlights problems existing in real world. Secondly, it introduces advanced derivatives theory that can be applied to solve these problems. Thirdly, specific details on the theory will be presented, including explanation, application, as well as pros and cons of each derivative instrument. Then, an example is analyzed to show how companies apply derivatives to hedge commodity risks practically. Last is a summary of this term paper. Following figure shows the body of this paper. 2Background Information 2. Definitions of fundamental terms In financial markets derivative is a contract or security whose value is derived from the value of other more basic underlying variables . One of its most important functions is hedging. In corporate operation, hedging is to secure the companies against potential loss caused by variable risks that arise in international market, such as the commodity price risks. In this paper, commodity means any tangible goods or raw materials that may be sold or traded in the markets, such as energy, gold, or agricultural products. 2. Commodity price risk in different firms Volatility of commodities price influences firms’ daily operation significantly. Producers of commodities, such as farms, oil producers, mining companies, face price risk on output. Wholesalers and retailers, face price risk during the time period from buying from suppliers and selling to customers. Exporters, face the same price risk as well as currency exchange risk. And governments face price and yield risks generating from tax revenues that depend on firms’ operational conditions. 3Explanation of derivatives Derivatives are traded in exchange-traded markets and over-the-counter markets. (See recent derivatives transaction status in appendix 1 and appendix 2. ) Notably, exchange-traded derivatives are default risk free and liquid. However over-the-counter traded derivatives are the opposite. 3. 1Options An option is the contract that gives the buyer the right but not obligation to buy (call option) or sell (put option) an underlying asset at a predetermined price (exercise price) for certain quantity during a fixed period of time (maturity). The buyer of the option pays a particular amount of money (option premium) to the seller to buy a right whereby he can decide whether or not to exercise this option, simultaneously the seller has the obligation to perform if the buyer exercises the option. European options only can be exercised on expiration day, and American options can be exercised at any time before maturity. The buyer of the call option is named long call, while the seller of the call option is named short call. Similarly, the buyer of the put option is named long put, while the seller of the put option is named short put. In commodity market, underlying of commodity option is a commodity, such as oil, wheat, or gold. Commodity options are both exchanges-traded and OTC traded. Following figure shows P of each option. Following table is the summary for these 4 option positions. Table 1: Summary for 4 option positions Market price expectationMaximum profitMaximum lossBreakeven point Long callupunlimitedoption premiumexercise price + option premium Short calldown or stableoption premiumunlimitedexercise price + option premium Long putdownexercise price – option premiumoption premiumexercise price – option premium Short putup or stableoption remiumexercise price – option premiumexercise price – option premium Source: author’s own. 3. 2Futures A future is a contract between two parties to buy or sell a specified amount of asset at a specified time period in the future for a certain price. You read "Corporate Strategies to Hedge Commodity Price Risks Applying" in category " Essay examples" Normally there are two types of futures, commodity futures whose underlying are commodities and financial futures whose underlying are financial assets. They are highly standardized, regulated, and traded in exchange markets with highly liquid and default risk free property. Because of the marking-to-market process, at maturity the settling price is the spot price at expiration date with profit gaining or loss paying from a margin account, which indirectly makes the effective bargain price equal to the predetermined price in the future contract. Notably, to ensure high liquidity of futures, marking-to-market process plays a significant role. The following figure shows the marking-to-market process. Generally there are two alternative ways at maturity to settle futures, either by cash or by actual delivery of underlying, which is clearly defined by futures exchange. Following figure and table show the details of a future. Table 2: Summary for future positions ?Maximum profitMaximum lossBreakeven point Long positionunlimitedexercise pricespot price + cost of carry Short positionexercise priceunlimitedspot price + cost of carry Source: author’s own. 3. 3Forwards A forward contract is a customized and over-the-counter agreement to buy or sell an asset at a specified time in the future for a specified price, where a long position has the obligation to buy and a short position has the obligation to sell. Compared with futures, no marking-to-market process are required. Counterparties can negotiate with each about the parameters of the contract. As a result, a firm who wants to make forward contract needs to find the counterparty by itself. 3. 4Swaps A swap is a customized and over-the-counter agreement to exchange a series of specified assets periodically in the future. Normally the counterparties of a swap contract are a large institution such as a bank and a company. Basically, we can view a swap as a complicated forward. Except currency swaps, counterparties just need to pay the differences between the cash flow they should exchange. Because swaps are bespoken as a result they are less liquid. There are commodity swaps, interest rate swaps and currency swaps. Interest rate swaps is an agreement of two counterparties to change fixed interest and floating interest on predefined nominal principal in the future periodically. Commodity swaps normally vary tremendously among different markets. In a currency swap, counterparties change same value of different currencies in inception and termination, where the exchange rate of the tow currencies depends on the negotiation of counterparties. 4Hedging strategies with derivatives This chapter will focus on the principles of hedging strategies on commodities. . 1Hedging with options If a trader wants to procure a commodity with high volatile price, he can buy a commodity call option to hedge the price risk of going up. Similarly, if a company wants to sell a commodity product, it can buy a long put to hedge the price risk of going down. In practice, because investors want to bet more precisely on the future price of the underlying, an d hedgers with long positions want to save option premiums, a few combinations of options come out, such as a long call and a short put with identical parameters except the different strike price. 4. 2Hedging with futures When the objective of a commodity trader wants to neutralize the price risk as far as possible, usually he will choose to take a position on a future on commodity. A hedger who already owns a commodity asset or doesn‘t own right now but will at some future time expecting to sell it in the future without assuming any price risk, he can apple future hedging strategy to enter into a short position to become a short. Likewise, a hedger who has to buy a certain commodity asset in the future and wants to lock in spot price immediately, he can apply a future to enter into a long position to become a long. . 3Hedging with forwards The principles of hedging strategy with forwards are similar with futures’. Whether to use futures or forwards depends on different requirements. Generally, financial assets investors who need high liquidity prefer to choose futures, while commodity investors such as producers who need high customization prefer to choose forwards. 4. 4Hedging with swap s When investors want to hedge risks of interest rates, currencies, or commodities, they can use swaps. In gold swaps, counterparties change fixed lease rate with variable lease rate. In swaps on base metals, counterparties change fixed metal price with average price of near dated metal future. In oil swaps, counterparties change fixed West Taxes Intermediate (WTI is a benchmark in oil price) price with average price of near dated WTI future. 5Pros and cons of hedging strategies with derivatives The following integrated summary of these derivatives depending on pervious analysis makes systematic comparisons. (The options here are exchanged-traded European options) Table 3: Summary for 4 derivatives SUMMERY OF DERIVATIVES FOR GENERAL TYPES OptionsFuturesForwardsSwaps Types of contractstandardizedstandardizedcustomizedcustomized Settlementscash and deliverymost cash and few deliverydeliverydepends on individuals Trading marketExchange tradedExchange tradedOTCOTC Liquidityhighhighlowlow Marketing-to-marginnorequirednono Time of settlementmaturitydailymaturityperiodically Initial investmentoption premiuminitial margin nodepends Default risk assumed byClearing houseclearinghouseBoth partiesBoth parties ProsDefault risk free liquiditycustomization no initial investment Consinitial investment inflexibledefault risk for both party illiquidity Source: author’s own. . 1Pros and cons of options The pros of options are obvious. Firstly, they have no risk to assume more loss than premium but have possibility to get unlimited potential profit. Secondly exchanged-traded options are highly liquid and OTC traded options are flexible. However, the cons of options are also explicit, such as the difficulty to decide when to enter into a long position. Because buying an option needs to pay option premium, if the spot price cannot go above (for a long call) or go below (for a long put) the breakeven point the hedger will suffer a loss, and depends on statistics the possibility of a long position to lose is about 66%. 5. 2Pros and cons of futures It definitely makes sense for most companies whose majors are in businesses but not professional in forecasting the price of commodities price volatility, which can make them pay more attention on their core competences instead of fearing about volatile price. Nonetheless, taking neutralized strategies make hedgers give up the possibility of both profit and loss. Moreover, instead of hedging risks by companies, shareholders can hedge themselves according to their preferences. Additionally, if other competitors of the same industry don’t apply hedging strategies, in fact, it is the hedging company itself that assumes risks, because competitive pressures are the same for other all competitors but different for the hedging company its own. 5. 3Pros and cons of forwards Basic pros and cons have been listed in the table in front of this chapter. Generally, compared to futures, the most explicit pro is that forwards are highly customized and therefore the con is that they are hardly liquid. 5. 4Pros and cons of swaps Basic pros and cons have been listed in the table in front of this chapter. Gernally, compared to futures and forwards the most precise pros is that both counterparties could reap benefits from a swap, such as in a currency swap where a firm with a low rate may get a cheaper loan as other firms with high rates, and the counterparty may get a payment as compensation. However the corresponding cons is that counterparty may need to pay commision to intermediary, because it is difficult to find an appropriate counterparty by itself. 6Practical example of corporate commodity price risk hedging 6. 1Introduction on firm’s practical hedging strategy Air China is an airline company, whose cost of fuel oil occupies 44. 75% of total revenue in 2008. To hedge the fuel oil price risk, Air China bought a call option with strike K1, meanwhile sold a put option with strike K2, where K1 How to cite Corporate Strategies to Hedge Commodity Price Risks Applying, Essay examples

Why slavery is wrong

Frederick Douglass condemns the act slavery. This is revealed from his arguments and examples he has given that condemn this act.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Why slavery is wrong specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In his work, Douglass recounts the manner in which slaves were prevented from getting knowledge by their masters in order to keep them ignorant. When Douglass wrote his work, slavery was seen as a normal thing in the society that could not be eliminated. Black people were perceived to be incapable of participating in economic and civil rights activism and thus should be held to work for white people. Douglass narrates ways through which the whites strategize to keep black people in a state of slavery from birth time and throughout their life time. They do it by not telling them their place of birth and hiding them from their parents. When slave children are growing, they are denied education because t hey know they would be empowered to live on their own. Slaveholders deny slaves the art of writing and reading so that their story would never be told. According to Douglass, this is an inhuman act. Despite the fact that slaves are held hostage and deprived of the opportunity to get an education, they should use all means to get knowledge as a means to be liberated. From Douglass story, â€Å"he gets to know that the only means to freedom is through education when Hugh Auld warns his wife not to teach slaves because it would ruin them.† When Douglass heard this story, he got the idea of how whites manage to keep blacks in a state of ignorance so that they cannot come out of their captivity. Douglass sets an example of self education when he learns to read and write using his personal means. Thereby, freeing himself from slavery and using it to fight for the rights of fellow slaves. According to the book, â€Å"Douglass got freedom as a result of self education, but he does n ot guarantee that education itself gives freedom in itself.† It is a means through which slaves can understand injustice done to them and their colleagues; they get to know that they are equal to their masters in all ways. In the context of the book, Hugh Auld foresees that this awareness brings suffering and a sense of guilt among slaves. Once slaves are aware of injustices done to them by their masters they live with pain and if they try to escape, their lives will be in danger. This reveals how damaging slavery is to the slaves if they are made aware of their rights.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In his book, Douglass reveals how damaging slavery can be to the slaves themselves and their masters. He wrote that, â€Å"The moral health of slaveholders is in question when they assert their authority and power on slaves.† Douglass revolves around this theme and dep icts it as unnatural act of humanity. He describes some characteristics of slave masters in order to reveal the negative impacts of slavery. He writes that, several slaveholders have been tempted to commit adultery, rape and even bore children with slaves. These behavior patterns such as adultery threaten to split families of slave masters. According to Douglass, some men who bore children are forced to intimidate their own children by selling them or punishing them while their wives become nasty. An example is given of Thomas Auld who develops distorted religious ideologies so that he can forget the sins he has committed. As a result of slave holding, Sophia Auld is transformed from a perfect woman to an evil lady. Hence, Douglass argues that slavery should be abolished for the good of all people. In his narration, Douglass brings out a characteristic of correct and false Christianity. His distinction is that true Christianity is the â€Å"Christianity of Jesus† while false Christianity practiced by slaveholders is the â€Å"Christianity of this land.† He continues to say that Christianity practiced by slaveholders does not show their goodness but a sign of hypocrisy to hide their brutality. In summary, Douglass tries to convince his audience that slavery is wrong as seen from his arguments against slavery, and examples he has given. He has proven that it is wrong to enslave others because it is inhuman and against Christian ideals. This essay on Why slavery is wrong was written and submitted by user Angelina Mayo to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Jim Crow Law Essay

Jim Crow Law Essay Free Online Research Papers Discrimination and prejudice were very common acts during the time that To Kill A Mockingbird took place. Prejudice in this book is displayed by the acts of hate and misunderstanding because of someones color. For example when Tom Robinson was on trial for rape that everyone knew he didn’t commit, but because of the color they still want to put him in jail. During this time in the southern states, black people had to use separate bathrooms, drinking fountains, sections in restaurants, churches, sit in separate places, and even go to separate schools. An example in this book that shows that they sat in different places was in the court room the colored sections had to sit up in the balconies. Even though a lot of the discrimination was towards blacks, there was also discrimination towards families that did not have money, such as the Ewell family. One of the Jim Crow laws stated that a black male could not shake hands with a white male because that would show that the two races are socially equal. Also if a black male offered a hand or any other part of his body to a white woman, he would be accused of rape. This law is similar to Tom Robinson’s rape case. Tom Robinson is being accused of rape because when he was called in the Ewells’ house by Mayella to break a bureau for her, but as he was doing that she grabbed his leg, wrapped her arm around his waist, and then kissed him. As the only witness was Mayella’s father Bob Tom Robinson had no chance of winning because even though the jury knew he was innocent in their heart they would have to show him guilty because they had to give the public what they wanted. Another Jim Crow law states that black people cannot sit near each other, because it would show that they are socially equal, which is not true. One place that this law comes up is when the colored people had to sit in the balcony during when the trail was going on. Blacks and Whites were always separated everywhere. For example, on the bus blacks at in the back and whites in the front and when a black person is riding in a car with a white person, the colored person has to sit in the back of the car to show that they are not socially equal. The Jim Crow laws did not only apply to black people but to any family that was very poor, such as the Ewell family. When the Ewell family was first introduces in the book, everyone was judging them because their mother died, the father was a drunk, the family was full of young children, they were dirty and poor, and their social statues was like a hair above all colored people. In To Kill A Mockingbird, we see a black man put on trial for a crime he clearly did not commit. The jury was so afraid of what everyone else would have thought if they made Tom Robinson innocent so, they chose the verdict that the public wanted, even though that was not what they felt in their hearts. Research Papers on Jim Crow Law EssayRacism and InjusticeEmmett Till BiographyThe Colour PurpleThe Obama Presidency EssayBooker T. Washington, W.E.B. Du Bois, Ida B. Wells-BarnettLegalization of Same Sex MarriagesEssay on â€Å"I have a Dream† Dr KingThe Legal ProcessThe Broken FamilyHistory of Rap Music Essay

Make Your Own Signature Perfume Scent

Make Your Own Signature Perfume Scent Perfume is a classic gift, but its even better if the perfume you give is a scent that you created yourself, especially if you package it in a beautiful bottle. Perfume you make yourself is free from synthetic chemicals and is fully customized to your personal taste. Heres how to make your own perfume. Perfume Materials Perfume consists of a mixture of essential oils in a base oil, together with alcohol and water. 1/2 ounce jojoba oil or sweet almond oil2-1/2 ounces ethanol (e.g., vodka)2 tablespoons spring water or distilled water (not tap water)coffee filterdark-colored glass bottle25 drops essential oils (buy them at a health store or online or distill your own)7 drops base note essential oils7 drops middle note essential oils6-7 drops top note essential oilscouple of drops of bridge notes (optional) The essential oils that you use form the basis of your perfume. These essential oils are called the notes of the perfume. The base notes are the part of the perfume that lasts the longest on your skin. The middle notes evaporate a little more quickly. The top notes are the most volatile and disperse first. Bridge notes have intermediate evaporation rates and serve to tie a scent together. Sometimes other substances are added to a perfume, such as sea salt (ocean scent), black pepper (spicy), camphor, and vetiver. Since the essential oils evaporate at different rates, the way a perfume smells changes over time as you wear it. Here are some examples of common base, middle, top, and bridge notes. base notes: cedarwood, cinnamon, patchouli, sandalwood, vanilla, moss, lichen, fernmiddle notes: clove, geranium, lemongrass, neroli, nutmeg, ylang-ylangtop notes: bergamot, jasmine, lavender, lemon, lime, neroli, orchid, rosebridge: vanilla, lavender The order in which you mix your ingredients is important, since it will affect the scent. If you change the procedure, record what you did in case you want to do it again. Create Your Perfume Add the jojoba oil or sweet almond oil to the bottle.Add the essential oils in the following order: the base notes, followed by the middle notes, then finally the top notes. Add a couple of drops of bridge notes, if desired.Add 2-1/2 ounces of alcohol.Shake the bottle for a couple of minutes then let it sit for 48 hours to 6 weeks. The scent will change over time, becoming strongest around 6 weeks.When the scent is where you want it to be, add 2 tablespoons of spring water to the perfume. Shake the bottle to mix the perfume, then filter it through a coffee filter and pour it into its final bottle. Ideally, this will be a dark bottle with minimal airspace, since light and exposure to air degrade many essential oils.You can pour a little perfume into a decorative bottle, but in general, store your perfume in a dark sealed bottle, away from heat and light.Label your creation. Its a good idea to record how you made the perfume, in case you want to duplicate it. Perfumery Notes It takes experimentation to get the scent you want, but you can get started in the right direction by keeping in mind the type of scent associated with essential oils: earthy: patchouli, vetiverfloral: geranium, jasmine, neroli, rose, violet, ylang-ylangfruity: bergamot, grapefruit, lemon, lemongrass, lime, mandarin, orangeherbal: angelica, basil, chamomile, clary sage, lavender, peppermint, rosemarysea: sea saltspicy: black pepper, cardamom, cinnamon, clove, coriander, ginger, juniper, nutmegwoodsy: cassia, cedar, cypress, pine, sandalwood If the perfume is too strong, you can dilute it with more water. If you want your perfume to retain its scent longer, add a tablespoon of glycerin to the perfume mixture.

Drugs and safety of teens Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Drugs and safety of teens - Essay Example The easy availability of drugs at street corners, students’ hang-out places and even residential areas facilitates the teenagers to remain vulnerable to such drugs. The most worrisome factor that concerns most of the parents is the addictive nature of drugs, as chemical reactions caused by intake of same stimulate and excite the brain; resulting in excessive dependence on these substances repeatedly. As there is no restriction or limitation on the availability of drugs, most teens become victim of drug overdose. This has dangerous repercussions and consequences that can harm the victim mentally and physically, lifelong. Side effects of drugs While discussing on the side-effects of drugs, it is essential to understand that varied substances have different product mix and accordingly can cause several types of side-effects. However many intoxicants like alcohol and amphetamines have direct affect on human brain, as teens start consuming same for stimulation. Amphetamines are ava ilable in different forms like pills, injections or powder that can be snorted and inhaled, which causes the severe damage by getting into the blood stream. However, alcohol, being widely used in our society, is the single most addictive substance that is consumed by teenagers for getting the required stimulation. While it affects our normal brain functions like reflexes, coordination and judgment, teens try to consume an overdose of the same to escape from their psychological pressure and stress. The immediate relief experienced by them with intake of lighter drugs is responsible for the youngsters to upgrade for consuming life threatening substances like inhalants and injections that directly attack the blood cells. Due to their immediate results, in terms of experiencing the height of excitement, teens are tempted to consume such drugs, regularly. In addition, they are available freely everywhere.(Vranken, 2008) Laws and the usage of drugs Referring to the usage of drugs, I regre t to underline that laws meant for preventing the drug abuse have remained irrelevant, as same could not stop their consumption by the teenagers. Contrary to the same, many teenagers have been fined and detained in the juvenile homes and rehabilitation centers. In such detention centers teenagers are placed in custody for violating the laws, mainly for their own and the society’s safety. (Hicks). However, they can interact with hardened criminals, at such centers, which can prove harmful and dangerous for their whole life. Considering such consequences of drug usage, these teenagers are closely watched by the relevant authorities, to ensure that they pay-off their debts and behave in a perfectly normal manner. Repercussions of alcohol consumption Reports of various studies conducted for this purpose have highlighted the dangerous consequences of alcohol consumption. One publication from USA government, â€Å"Prevention Alert†, has listed the side effects of teen alcoho l abuse, which include learning impairments in youngsters that can severely damage their academic career. In one study, it has been found that alcohol dependant teens, in the age group of 15-16, had difficulty in remembering words and simple geometric designs, after a short

Identify the environmental factors that affect global and domestic Essay

Identify the environmental factors that affect global and domestic marketing decisions - Essay Example Due to the effective and competent marketing research and development of Coca-Cola it was able to manufacture and distribute worldwide. Coca-Cola is evidently a transnational organization. Even though the main office of Coca-Cola is in Atlanta, Georgia, USA, the beverage magnate is greater than merely an American firm with several branches abroad (Gillespie & Hennesy 2010). It is genuinely an international business. Almost 80% of the operating income of Coca-Cola (Ferrell 2007) originates from its operations overseas. Influence of Global Economic Interdependence and Trade Practices and Agreements Trade agreements smooth the progress of joint enterprises, franchising, distribution systems, and other global transactions between and among companies. Products of Coca-Cola are manufactured and distributed in a large number of countries all over the world. National governments curb barriers to trade like tariffs cutback and funding that took place specifically a decade (Gillespie & Henness y 2010). This has been one of the major reasons compelling Coca-Cola to spread out globally. In the meantime, there has been an increasing financial market deregulation since 1980s. This has involved abolishing floating of currencies and exchange regulations (Ferrell 2008). This aids Coca-Cola in identifying financial deal globally. Lifting regulations on interest rate permits the company to take advantage of overseas lending effortlessly, with the intention of reaching the global market (Gillespie & Hennessy 2010). The financial market deregulation has significantly enhanced competition and promotes remarkable escalation in worldwide financial movement (Gillespie & Hennessy 2010). In sum, Coca-Cola has effectively reached the global market in reaction to the motivators of globalization. Importance of Demographics and Physical Infrastructure Coca-Cola has become successful through market segmentation and differentiation. For instance, the company recognizes that individuals with dyn amic or hectic lifestyle will prefer beverages that have high contents of caffeine or glucose, like energy or sports drinks (Ferrell 2008). Likewise, the company is aware that children, teenagers, and young adults want sweet beverages (Ferrell 2008). This is how Coca-Cola uses the importance of demographics. For example, the company determined through market research that Coca-Cola Lite was considered a ‘female drink’ by males. Consequently, the company introduced a fresh product, named Coke Zero, which is intended for the male consumers (Gillespie & Hennessy 2010). In the meantime, the company is affected by physical infrastructure in terms of its response to the fast growing beverage market. Coca-Cola takes into consideration the capacity for expansion of its current factories, acquisition or building of other facilities, and acquisition of goods from other producer (Gillespie & Hennessy 2010). As an outcome of this consideration the company is able to choose the best sites or places at which to broaden or enlarge their production capacity. Influence of Cultural Differences Promotional campaigns of Coca-Cola have been in agreement with the local culture. An adjusted or localized marketing mix implies modifying the mix with the dominant economic, physical, and cultural differences in various countries. Diverse cultures and languages

Global Privacy… Are You Being Watched?? Essay examples -- Surveillance

Global Privacy†¦ Are You Being Watched?? Introduction Privacy has grown to become an intensely complex and important human rights topic in the information age. The right to privacy underlines human dignity. One of the first privacy laws can be traced back hundreds of years, to 1361, when England enacted the Justice of the Peace Act, which allowed the arrest of eavesdroppers and peeping toms.1 About every country in the world explicitly recognizes a right of privacy in their constitution, allowing people to have a right to home communication secrecy and inviolability at the very least. Although the right to privacy is not explicitly documented in the United States’, Ireland’s or India’s Constitution, it is recognized in numerous provisions form their respective courts. The US airliner's "risk analysis" system A globally controversial topic concerns the tradeoff between privacy and security. At what point does enacting probing directives to strengthen our nation’s security impinge upon our own personal privacy? After the destruction of the twin towers on September 11th, the federal government and airliners have decided to implement a new computer system in order to gauge the level of terrorist risk posed by every single passenger on every flight in the United States. The new computer program, dubbed the â€Å"Computer Assisted Passenger Prescreening System II† (CAPPS II) shall assign passengers a color code based on their destination, city of departure, traveling partners and date of ticket purchase. Travelers who are coded â€Å"green† will pass through, â€Å"yellow† travelers will have to go through further screening, and red ones will be prohibited from boarding. Eight... ...screening.ap/ 8. Privacy as an Aspect of Human Dignity, [1964] 39 New York U. L.R. 9. Sara Kehaulani Goo. Fliers to Be Rated for Risk Level. September 9, 2003 http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/A45434-2003Sep8?language=printer 10. Mark Glasser. China’s Internet Revolution. November 11, 2003 http://www.ojr.org/ojr/world_reports/1068766903.php 11. Privacy Watch – China and the US. December 2003 http://www.cotse.net/privacy/us_china.htm 12. Caslon Analytics. Caslon Analytics Privacy Guide. October 1, 2003 http://www.caslon.com.au/privacyguide6.htm 13. Stuart Millar. Europe votes to end data privacy. May 31, 2002 http://www.guardian.co.uk/internetnews/story/0,7369,725204,00.html 14. Detroit Free Press. Europe’s privacy laws cause rift with US. October 30, 1998 http://www.freep.com/tech/qdata30.htm

How advertisement effects people’s lives Essay

As Americans we are exposed to advertisements everyday. People are pressured from every direction by advertisements which exploit their deepest fears, attractions, needs, and desires, shaping their behaviors, goals, and thoughts. They are led into believing false information and promises that are mostly never kept, all for the simple reason of selling the product and making profit. We see advertisements everywhere–in magazines and newspapers, on the radio, on TV, online, in the mail, even over the phone. These advertisements use the basic ideas of either providing an elite status with the possession of the product, or giving a sense of belonging to a group or community. Since the recent military activity in Iraq and Afghanistan, another ever present idea has been made prominent and that is using patriotism to evoke people’s desires. Americans are persuaded into buying unnecessary items everyday; however, we need to realize that no matter what advertisements say we should purchase items for their usefulness, not to fill voids in our lives, so we can help eliminate the problem we face today of being a materialistic society. The patriotic theme affecting people’s hearts, minds and senses, is commonly used to manipulate them into buying things. Since everyone has love for their country, using it to sell products is a brilliant idea, but I believe this is a bad practice. It makes people believe they are not ideal Americans, nor are they similar to the people around them if they do not buy that product. The Palmolive advertisement, in Seeing and Writing 2, is a key example, it appeals to the wives of the men at war in World War II (417). On the top of this advertisement there are three medals which contain picture of three different men in their uniforms and the words â€Å"For Him† appear next to each picture. In the lower part of the advertisement there is a woman looking up at these medals and above her head are the words, â€Å"I pledge myself to guard every bit of Beauty that he cherishes in me†, and finally in the background there are several faces of women also looking towards the medals. This advertisement is basically communicating to the wives the idea of guarding their beauty, by using this soap, just like their husbands are guarding their country. The ironic fact is that soap cannot make someone beautiful, nor do people lose their beauty if they do not use the correct brand of soap. This advertisement is connecting a heroic and patriotic act  to one used for mere beauty, in order to sell the soap. The Palmolive advertisement was run in 1943, but a more current advertisement which uses similar attributes is Chevrolet and its slogan for its recent line of cars, â€Å"An American Revolution.† This slogan is always placed on a blue sky background and the writing is in bold white letters, except for the â€Å"E† in â€Å"Revolution†, this letter is written in red ink. So when you come across this slogan, not only does the slogan sound patriotic to you, it also appears to be patriotic because it incorporates the red, the white and the blue. This phrase says to its audience that every American is buying and driving a Chevy car and so should they. Another detail that could be interpreted out of this advertisement is that since the U.S. is currently at war and fighting a revolution against terrorism, a person living in the U.S. can participate in this patriotic revolution by purchasing a Chevrolet. This would be true only if Chevrolet was funding the war, instead of the US government. Along with this, another advertisement that exploits this concept was the Netzero advertisement run during the time before the elections. In this advertisement the spokesman was running for President under the alias of Candidate Zero. His main goal was to provide cheaper and faster internet to every family and household. In order to get people’s attention, this clever idea was used, and it certainly worked on people like me. Viewers could also connect the advertisement with the actual presidential race and that way the product of the advertisement was stuck in their conscious awareness. The whole patriotic theme is strange because the connection between patriotism and the product does not make the product function better, so why do we feel obligated to pay attention to the advertisement and even purchase that product. Along with patriotism another concept used widely is the elitism the product brings to people with its possession. As Jack Solomon wrote in his essay Masters of Desire, â€Å"We Americans dream of rising about the crowd, of attaining a social summit beyond the reach of ordinary citizens† (1). He is basically saying that Americans want to be better then the people around  them and this belief is what marketers feast on, creating status symbols like Rolex, Mercedes, BMW, etc. One advertisement that crosses my mind in terms of using elitism would be the new U2 iPod Special Edition advertisement. This promotes an iPod with a black cover and laser engraved signatures of the U2 band members; everything else is similar to a regular iPod; whereas, the price is $50 more. People are led into believing that the U2 iPod is better than the regular one only because it is endorsed by U2. Another ironic detail is that a normal iPod itself is a product of elitism, because even though it has similar functions to a Sony or any other MP3 player, it costs $100 more only because it comes with the signature white headphones. These headphones, unique only because an iPod come equipped with them, have made themselves and the iPod a status symbol. Most people only buy an iPod because they want the headphones to show the illusion of superiority and uniqueness. Solomon says, â€Å"The explanation is quite simple: when an object (or puppy!) either costs a lot of money or requires influential connections to possess, anyone who possesses it must also possess the necessary means of influence to acquire it† (3). This explains why the white headphones have made the iPod a status symbol, since its shows possession of an expensive item, even though rationally speaking the color of the headphones does not make the iPod function better, they only make it different. Solomon also talks about another part of the American Dream, in which belonging to a group is important. The Chevrolet slogan connects us to the entire American population; the iPod connects us to other owners of an iPod, and so on. We need a sense of connection and belonging, fulfilling our need for attention and affection. Abraham Maslow, a founder of humanistic psychology, created a triangle in which he placed a person’s needs in the order they needed to be fulfilled and the need for love and belonging was the third basic need. Disillusioned by the advertisements, people try to fulfill this need by buying the products. This proves that using this theme advertisers are able to affect the person on much deeper levels then recognizable, yet by no means does the product itself become more useful. It is understandable that advertisers need to appeal to people in order to  sell their product and that is why they use these tactics, but what is not understandable is while knowing the truth people believe the hoaxes and let advertisements dictate what they are going to buy. People need to realize that products should not be used to fulfill our weaknesses; they should be consumed based on our needs, because companies will keep manufacturing status symbols until we accept that products and items are only materialistic and we can never attain all the luxury items around us. We are scammed into buying false promises everyday, after we realize that we have a choice against it, we can choose not to let advertisements or minor details about the product like the endorsements, or the color of headphones, or the catchy slogan persuade us into buying a certain item.

Drug Use Among Medical Marijuana Laws Get Their Pot From...

In 2013, more high school seniors regularly used marijuana than cigarettes as 22.7 percent smoked pot in the last month, compared to 16.3 percent who smoked cigarettes. Sixty percent of seniors don t see regular marijuana use as harmful, but THC (the active ingredient in the drug that causes addiction) is nearly five times stronger than it was 20 years ago. One-third of teenagers who live in States with medical marijuana laws get their pot from other people s prescriptions. The United States represents 5 percent of the world s population and 75 percent of prescription drugs taken. Sixty percent of teens who abuse prescription drugs get them free from friends and relatives. The purpose of this study is to explore drug use in adolescent†¦show more content†¦How does drug use affect teens? Drug abuse causes serious health effects at all ages. This is particularly true for teens abusing drugs as they are truly at risk of negative consequences. Young people who abuse drugs ar e prone to struggle with addiction later in life and are more likely to have permanent irreversible brain damage. Drugs among teens result in serious mental disorders or permanent irreversible damage to the brain and/or nervous system. Brain damage among teens includes brain shrinkage, impaired reasoning, perceptions, intuition, and decreased socialization, and changes in sexual desire. Teens using drugs are more prone to be involved in car-related injuries or death. Four to 14 percent of drivers who are injured in traffic accidents tested positive for THC—the key drug in marijuana. Literature Review In an article written published in Clinic EEG Neuroscience in January 2009, The Influences of Substance Use on Adolescent Brain Development, much of the neurodevelopment occurs during adolescents. It is a unique and critical period of time in development. When adolescents use alcohol and marijuana research has shown abnormalities in the brain function levels. Studies were done suing neuropsychological assessment and structural and functional imaging to show the relationship between

Battle of Belleau Wood in World War I

Part of the 1918 German Spring Offensives, the Battle of Belleau Wood took place between June 1-26 during World War I (1914 to 1918). Fought predominantly by US Marines, victory was achieved after twenty-six days of combat. The main German attack was repulsed on June 4 and US forces began offensive operations on June 6. The battle halted the German Aisne offensive and launched a counterattack in the area. Fighting in the forest was particularly fierce, with the Marines attacking the wood six times before it was finally secured. German Spring Offensives In early 1918, the German government, freed from fighting a two-front war by the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, chose to launch a massive offensive on the Western Front. This decision was largely motivated by a desire to end the war before the full strength of the United States could be brought into the conflict. Beginning on March 21, the Germans attacked the British Third and Fifth Armies with the goal of splitting the British and French and driving the former into the sea (Map). After driving the British back after making some initial gains, the advance stalled and was ultimately halted at  Villers-Bretonneux. As a result of the crisis caused by the German attack, Marshal Ferdinand Foch was appointed Supreme Commander of the Allied Armies and tasked with coordinating all operations in France. An assault to the north around Lys, dubbed Operation Georgette, met a similar fate in April. To aid these offensives a third attack, Operation  Blà ¼cher–Yorck, was planned for late May in Aisne between Soissons and Rheims (Map). Aisne Offensive Beginning on May 27, German storm troopers broke through the French lines in Aisne. Striking in an area that lacked substantial defenses and reserves, the Germans forced the French Sixth Army into a full retreat. During the first three days of the offensive, the Germans captured 50,000 Allied soldiers and 800 guns. Moving quickly, the Germans advanced to the Marne River and were intent on pressing on to Paris. At the Marne, they were blocked by American troops at Chateau-Thierry and Belleau Wood. The Germans attempted to take Chateau-Thierry but were stopped by US Army forces centered around the 3rd Division on June 2. 2nd Division Arrives On June 1, the Major General Omar Bundys 2nd Division took up positions south of Belleau Wood near Lucy-le-Bocage with its line extending south opposite Vaux. A composite division, the 2nd consisted of Brigadier General Edward M. Lewis 3rd Infantry Brigade (9th 23rd Infantry Regiments) and Brigadier General James Harbords 4th Marine Brigade (5th 6th Marine Regiments). In addition to their infantry regiments, each brigade possessed a machine gun battalion. While Harbords Marines assumed a position near Belleau Wood, Lewis men held a line to the south below the Paris-Metz Road. As the Marines dug in, a French officer suggested that they withdrawal. To this Captain Lloyd Williams of the 5th Marines famously replied, Retreat? Hell, we just got here. Two days later elements of the German 347th Division from Army Group Crown Prince occupied the forest. With their attack at Chateau-Thierry stalling, the Germans launched a major assault on June 4. Supported by machine guns and artillery, the Marines were able to hold, effectively ending the German offensive in Aisne. Marines Move Forward The following day, the commander of the French XXI Corps ordered Harbords 4th Marine Brigade to retake Belleau Wood. On the morning of June 6, the Marines advanced, capturing Hill 142 to the west of the wood with support from the French 167th Division (Map). Twelve hours later, they frontally assaulted the forest itself. To do so, the Marines had to cross a wheat field under heavy German machine gun fire. With his men pinned down, Gunnery Sergeant Dan Daly called Come on ya sons-of-bitches, ya want to live forever? and got them on the move again. When night fell, only a small section of forest had been captured. In addition to Hill 142 and the assault on the woods, the 2nd Battalion, 6th Marines attacked into Bouresches to the east. After taking most of the village, the Marines were forced to dig in against German counterattacks. All reinforcements trying to reach Bouresches had to cross a large open area and were subjected to heavy German fire. When night fell, the Marines had suffered 1,087 casualties making it the bloodiest day in the Corps history to date. Clearing the Forest On June 11, following a heavy artillery bombardment, the Marines pressed hard into Belleau Wood, capturing the southern two-thirds. Two days later, the Germans assaulted Bouresches after a massive gas attack and almost retook the village. With the Marines stretched thin, the 23rd Infantry extended its line and took over the defense of Bouresches. On the 16th, citing exhaustion, Harbord requested that some of the Marines be relieved. His request was granted and three battalions of the 7th Infantry (3rd Division) moved into the forest. After five days of fruitless fighting, the Marines retook their position in the line. On June 23, the Marines launched a major attack into the forest but were unable to gain ground. Suffering staggering losses, they required over two hundred ambulances to carry the wounded. Two days later, Belleau Wood was subjected to a fourteen-hour bombardment by French artillery. Attacking in the wake of the artillery, US forces were finally able to completely clear the forest (Map). On June 26, after defeating some early morning German counterattacks, Major Maurice Shearer was finally able to send the signal, Woods now entirely -US Marine Corps. Aftermath In the fighting around Belleau Wood, American forces suffered 1,811 killed and 7,966 wounded and missing. German casualties are unknown though 1,600 were captured. The Battle of Belleau Wood and the Battle of Chateau-Thierry showed the United States allies that it was fully committed fighting the war and was willing to do whatever was required to achieve victory. The commander of the American Expeditionary Forces, General John J. Pershing,  commented after the battle that The deadliest weapon in the world is a United States Marine and his rifle.  In recognition of their tenacious fighting and victory, the French awarded citations to those units that participated in the battle and renamed Belleau Wood Bois de la Brigade Marine.   Belleau Wood also showed the Marine Corps flare for publicity. While the fighting was still going on, the Marines routinely circumvented the American Expeditionary Forces publicity offices to have their story told, while those of Army units engaged were ignored. Following the Battle of Belleau Wood, Marines began being referred to as Devil Dogs. While many believed that this term was coined by the Germans, its actual origins are unclear. It is known that the Germans highly respected the Marines fighting ability and classified them as elite storm troopers.

Cry, the Beloved Country, by Alan Paton Essay examples

Cry, the Beloved Country, by Alan Paton, is the timeless novel about South Africa in the 1940’s. As powerful white men use the land for their own benefit, the tribal system of the African natives is broken down and replaced by poverty, homelessness, fear, and violence. A black priest, Stephen Kumalo, ventures to the great city of Johannesburg in search of his lost sister and son. His journey demonstrates the unhealthy lifestyle and mutinous atmosphere of the black people; yet he is the beholder of forgiveness, love, hope, and the restoration of a country overwhelmed with problems. The blacks in big cities, such as Johannesburg, are fearful of white men because they have all the power. They own the mines and factories, and make and carry†¦show more content†¦So I shot him. I did not mean to kill him.’†(Pg. 98) When so many white people are being killed by blacks, it can only increase the fear felt by both races: blacks because they do not wish to procure any trouble, and whites because they do not want to be the next victim. By not sacrificing power, the whites are bringing this fear upon themselves. â€Å"And our lives will shrink, but they shall be the lives of superior beings; and we shall live with fear, but at least it will not be a fear of the unknown.†(Pg. 79) The question is: how long can this unstable and superficial lifestyle endure before the dawn of a new equity? Future generations will have to deal with these issues which are left unsolved by a power hungry nation. And if problems are left unsettled for too long, hatred may establish a permanent residence in South Africa. Msimangu, who has anticipated future events, confesses to Kumalo what he fears most deeply: â€Å"‘†¦ that one day when they [white people] are turned to loving, they will find we [black people] are turned to hating’†(Pg. 40) Msimangu understands that certain people are corrupted by power, or only want power to take the power away from other people. With no genuine aspirations, the power is corrupt and no one will benefit. The situation is slightly ironic because the two men are on their way to hear John Kumalo speak. John has no sincerity in his political work, but enjoys the command and importance he gains as an influential speaker. HisShow MoreRelatedCry, the Beloved Country by Alan Paton1076 Words   |  5 PagesAlan Paton who was a South African author and anti-apartheid activist wrote the novel Cry, the Beloved Country, The novel publication in 1948 was just before South Africa institutionalized racial segregation under Apartheid. Paton addresses the destruction of the tribal system in South Africa due to white colonization by using the novel as a medium to illustrate is damage. Throughout the novel we are exposed to the numerous problems resulting from the colonization. Communities are in collapse, theRead MoreCry, the Beloved Country by Alan Paton838 Words   |  3 Pagesindividuals. Alan Paton examines this problem in Cry, the Beloved Country. Throughout the story, Paton adds specific person alities to his characters to contribute to change. Characters in Cry, the Beloved Country went through hardships that changed them to realize reality and its outcomes. Paton accordingly creates a picture throughout his story to explain the problems in South Africa. There are many contributing factors of Paton’s idea to identify as being important for change to occur in Cry, the BelovedRead MoreCry, the Beloved Country by Alan Paton696 Words   |  3 PagesCry, the Beloved Country is a novel with remarkable lyricism written by Alan Paton. Born as a white South African, Alan Paton grew up during a time period marked by racial inequality and later became an activist against apartheid. He was a devout Christian so many of his writings reflect Christian faith. As an activist, he wrote many books about South Africa and racial injustice. While traveling around Europe, he began writing Cry, the Beloved Country, which was published in 1948. That same yearRead MoreCry, The Beloved Country By Alan Paton1155 Words   |  5 Pages Cry, The Beloved Country by Alan Paton is a stunning and all too accurate depiction of apartheid in South Africa. Even though the novel centers on John Kumalo and his struggling family, it subtly shows the social going ons of South Africa supposedly in 1948, when the book was written. Strong examples of this come across in the choral chapters of the novel. These chapters give voice to the people of South Africa. Chapter nine shows the struggles of being black during apartheid, chapter 12 shows theRead MoreCry, The Beloved Country, By Alan Paton1373 Words   |  6 Pagesescape with various routes, but an escape that interestingly calls back to the nature of innocence and child-like questions. It is in this way that Alan Paton’s enduring novel, Cry, The Beloved Country, takes on a unique and refreshing approach to a basic question: that of the equality and dignity of all people. Throughout Cry, The Beloved Country, Paton exudes frequent references to childhood, a devout religiosity, and of course, a return to simple questions; all of which contribute the idea of innocenceRead MoreCry, the Beloved Country by Alan Paton778 Words   |  4 Pagesfront to give it the opposite meaning. Therefor e, it means a land free of cold and horror. It’s such an ironic name for a country where people are living their lives with hunger and fear. The conditions in South Africa during mid-1900 were even worse than they are today. Alan Paton addresses these issues in his novel, Cry, the Beloved Country, published in 1948. Paton uses two contrasting places to present his view of South Africa while suggesting solutions. The desolate village of NdotsheniRead MoreImagery In Cry, The Beloved Country By Alan Paton768 Words   |  4 Pagesnoises, etc, as did the roles in the novel. Alan Paton uses a strong voice packed with imagery in his passage, â€Å"For they grow red and bare; they cannot hold the rain and mist, and the streams are dry in the kloofs. Too many cattle feed upon the grass, and too many fires have burned it. Stand shod upon it, for it is coarse and sharp, and the stones cut under the feet. It is not kept or guarded, or cared for, it no longer keeps men, guards men, cares for men† (Paton, 34). The overwhelming senses of touchRead MoreCry The Beloved Country By Alan Paton Analysis928 Words   |  4 PagesIt is no new information that God tends to directs the ordinary people out of their normal lives and make something great out of them. This reprsents what occured in Stephen Kumalos life from the book Cry, the Beloved Country by Alan Paton. Those who live broken and imperfect are the people God sees something special in. Grabbing these people out of their brokenness and make the world better through them. Like all the other ordinary people that contributed in Gods plan, Stephen Kumalos journeyRead MoreCry, The Beloved Country By Alan Paton Reconciliation981 Words   |  4 PagesDespite the violence depicted amongst the whites and blacks of South Africa, in Cry, The Beloved Country by Alan Paton reconciliation and the spirit of unity present themselves through two men: Reverend Kumalo and James Jarvis. To be able to reconcile and unite with others, people must first be able to look inward and come to peace with themselves. One of the main struggles throughout Cry, The Beloved Country emanates from within the characters, as they try to come to terms with events. StephenRead MoreAlan Paton s Cry, The Beloved The Country1358 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Blacks, leading up to the Civil War, and during the Apartheid, the Natives were segregated from the Whites. In Alan Paton’s Cry, the Beloved the Country, the main character Stephen Kumalo goes through a journey to restore his tribe. During his journey, he discovers and learns of the injustices in South Africa. Through the parallels and contradictions of biblical allusions, Alan Paton is able to explain the impact of racial inequality in South Africa, but signifies how unconditional love and hope

Negotiation in Action Free Essays

Negotiation in Action One of my most substantial accomplishments is that I learned significant concepts and principles of negotiation during the course. Negotiation process and a variety of tactics that I learned in class or through the textbook, Getting to Yes, were definitely helpful for improving my understanding of negotiation and its strategy. Another important accomplishment is that I have learned what I couldn’t have learned from lectures or textbooks through negotiation simulations. We will write a custom essay sample on Negotiation in Action or any similar topic only for you Order Now I prepared a lot for each negotiation and tried to follow the strategy that I had set up in advance. After negotiations, I tried to identify what worked, what didn’t and how I could improve next time. I have kept a list of successes and mistakes and I have eventually become more confident in a variety of negotiation situations. While negotiating, I have been more like a soft positional negotiator who emphasizes the importance of building and maintaining a better relationship, trying not to hurt other’s feelings. My unique set of negotiation skills are : ? polite, positive and active attitude, ? a good listener and ? thinking of the other’s position. During the process of negotiation simulations, I have always tried to listen more actively and acknowledge more carefully what is being said by the partner. If I pay attention more, the partner will also feel the satisfaction of being heard and understood. However, I realized that I need to balance my position better according to different situations. I have learned that constructively initiating positional bargaining is essential and approaching to solutions according to my position is more effective in negotiation process. In addition, I have learned not only that negotiating with partners cooperatively and competitively is one of the most significant factors for successful negotiation but that cultivating good relationships for the future is very important as well. To do so, I need to effectively manage emotions in disputes and favorably understand cultural differences. I would like to set two top priority goals for my future negotiation. One is that, thinking about a variety of tactics such as â€Å"BATNA†, ZOPA, and etc. , I will always try to find an optimal solution, which is â€Å"win-win† for both sides, instead of arguing over my position and pursuing only my own interests. The other priority is that I will establish healthy personal and professional relationships in my life, having a positive and active attitude, understanding people, appreciating their wants, identifying their needs and learning about their background and what makes them who they are. Recommendation Letter I strongly recommend this course. This course is designed to cover the range of negotiation situations and issues faced by managers and decision makers. This course explores negotiations in many contexts: simple personal transactions, public and private sector collective bargaining, resolving disputes. I was able to develop tactics and strategies for becoming an effective negotiator and have confidence in the ability to analyze negotiations in a variety of contexts and to conduct successful negotiations. How to cite Negotiation in Action, Essay examples

Corporate Governance in Accounting Discretion †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Governance in Accounting Discretion. Answer: Introduction: From the media release of ASIC 17 to 162, it is clearly understood that business enterprises that are listed under Australian Stock Exchange need to prepare financial statement by keeping into account activities that should fulfill the purpose of financial users (Investor.myer.com.au. 2017). In order to be more specific, the financial report needs to be prepared with transparency and in agreement to conceptual framework where the financial statement should be well-understood by the external and internal users. On analysis, it is noted that most of the companies are using improper assumptions at the time of preparing their accounts for different transactions such as recognition of liabilities or revenue. John Price was the commissioner of ASIC and he opined that auditors should be analyzing the accounting strategies in accordance to the financial statements of previous years (Zhuang 2016). As mentioned in AASB 136 (Impairment of Assets), these assets actually seek way to assure the fact that assets shown in the balance sheet should not carry out values that is more than the recoverable value of the assets (Aasb.gov.au. 2017). At the time of impairment of assets, the recoverable value as well as fair value of the assets is deducted from the cost of disposal that needs to be measured. In addition, the impairment loss is the different between the recoverable amount as well as fair value of the asset. As mentioned in AASB 136, business enterprise should carry out the impairment test for once in each year. It was clearly mentioned in the Para 12 to 14 under AASB 136 that some of the indicators are related for impairment of any asset (Rahman 2013). Furthermore, it is the responsibility of the management to test the impairment of asset for given period of time. There are different indications of impairment that are mentioned below: Internal source It is understood that the asset become obsolete or it is damaged physically (Bond, Govendir and Wells 2016). At the time of using asset, the method use is significantly changed (Preiato, Brown and Tarca 2015) External source The external environmental analysis such as technological, legal, market situations for operating in the environment of the business entity that had been significantly changed. The carrying amount of asset exceed with the market capitalization There are significant changes present in the market rate of interest or market return that need proper attention (Khokan Bepari, Rahman and Taher Mollik 2014) Evidence of impairment with regard to Myer Holdings Limited Asset Turnover- In regard to Myer Holdings limited, it is important to take into account the asset turnover where the turnover ranges from 1.40 to 1.80. There is no significant shift present that can enhance the impairment indication (Bond, Govendir and Wells 2016). Asset Flow- In regard to Myer Holdings limited, it is noted that if impairment test is carried out properly, then proper consideration needs to be taken regarding the asset flow of many stores of Myer Holdings limited. It is where the asset flow is recognized but there is no significant change preset over past few years (Kabir and Rahman 2016). From the above two tests, it is noted that these tests fails to recognize asset for impairment. Hence, it is needed to compete with Amazon where Myer Holdings limited planed to change the outlook of the departmental store of Frankton (Preiato, Brown and Tarca 2015). To this, the company plans to change their outlook by changing traditional black and white get up of the store to vibrant yellow color. There will be change of uniforms for the staff members. The storage system will be altered in a way that can give more space for storage. In accordance to AASB 136, the changes will be restructured as per the accounting standards that are treated as the internal source of information for impairment indication of the store front. It is for this reason why the store of Frankton need test for impairment in their accounting operations (Guthrie and Pang 2013). Process of determining impairment At the time of calculating value or amount of impairment assets, it is important to look at any indication of impairment of asset in business in such events (Bond, Govendir and Wells 2016). It is important to measure the carrying value of assets as well as value in use. In addition, the approval of assets by the management of business in relation to asset based on forecasted cash flow statement that is generated by assets. Forecasting cash flow statement is predicted for longer time. It is the responsibility of the management to use terminal rate of growth for calculating cash flow for almost 5 years (Deegan 2013). There are various assumptions that are used at the time of calculating cash flow by asset generation activities and these are as follows: Terminal growth rate is assumed to be at 2.5% Pre-discount rate has been assumed to be at 14.4% Operating margin rate deals with gross profit that is assumed to be at 39.5% It is evaluated by each stores of company that is used for recognizing and establishing impairment requirement. In addition, it is important to forecast cash flow operations that generates from assets and based on budget for cash generating unit. Information related to determination of impairment It is important to determine the impairment value as well as reason that is associated with the fact where impairment is made by using recoverable value and through value in use (Preiato, Brown and Tarca 2015) It is essential for business enterprise to conduct detailed disclosures at the time of recognition of loss in associated with impairment and testing of impairment It is essential for business enterprise to reverse the amount of loss in association with the impairment in the past accounting period that concern or deal with goodwill or any other assets. It can be performed in events when forecasted values of recoverable value of assets are used for impaired changes (Bond, Govendir and Wells 2016) As mentioned in the income statement, impairment is treated as expense after identifying and recognizing loss. As mentioned in the balance sheet, amount is subtracted from asset closing value of assets. Flexibility management for recognizing asset impairments On analysis, it is noted that there is no hard and fast rule that all management of companies need to have specialized expert in accounting based on Australian securities as well as investment commission (Bond, Govendir and Wells 2016). To that, management of companies can always taken help from accounting firms or recruit accounting experts for the work. At the time when forecasted or projected value does not match with required or actual outcome, it is essential for the management to discuss the matter with accounts by engaging in in-depth analysis. Clarity should be present in each of financial statement of any business enterprise so that the users can easily interpret the information in an effective way (Bond, Govendir and Wells 2016). As mentioned in the Australian Accounting Standard Board 136, there are some facts that need proper attention and can be understood from the case study of Myer Holdings Limited (Preiato, Brown and Tarca 2015). To that, it is important for the management to carry out test for impairments at least once in a year. It is important for the company to measure the value in use as well as recoverable value. From the case study on Myer Holdings Limited, it is noted that the company is very adjusting for carrying out the impairment tests (Bepari and Mollik 2015). Reference List Aasb.gov.au. 2017. Australian Accounting Standards Board (AASB) - Home. [online] Available at: https://www.aasb.gov.au/ [Accessed 29 Aug. 2017]. Bepari, M.K. and Mollik, A.T., 2015. Effect of audit quality and accounting and finance backgrounds of audit committee members on firms compliance with IFRS for goodwill impairment testing.Journal of Applied Accounting Research,16(2), pp.196-220. Bond, D., Govendir, B. and Wells, P., 2016. An evaluation of asset impairments by Australian firms and whether they were impacted by AASB 136.Accounting Finance,56(1), pp.259-288. Brown, P., Preiato, J. and Tarca, A., 2014. Measuring country differences in enforcement of accounting standards: An audit and enforcement proxy.Journal of Business Finance Accounting,41(1-2), pp.1-52. Deegan, C., 2013.Financial accounting theory. McGraw-Hill Education Australia. Guthrie, J. and Pang, T.T., 2013. Disclosure of Goodwill Impairment under AASB 136 from 20052010.Australian Accounting Review,23(3), pp.216-231. Investor.myer.com.au. 2017. Myer Investor Relations. [online] Available at: https://investor.myer.com.au/Investor-Centre/ [Accessed 29 Aug. 2017]. Kabir, H. and Rahman, A., 2016. The role of corporate governance in accounting discretion under IFRS: Goodwill impairment in Australia.Journal of Contemporary Accounting Economics,12(3), pp.290-308. Khokan Bepari, M., F. Rahman, S. and Taher Mollik, A., 2014. Firms' compliance with the disclosure requirements of IFRS for goodwill impairment testing: Effect of the global financial crisis and other firm characteristics.Journal of Accounting Organizational Change,10(1), pp.116-149. Preiato, J., Brown, P. and Tarca, A., 2015. A comparison of between?country measures of legal setting and enforcement of accounting standards.Journal of Business Finance Accounting,42(1-2), pp.1-50. Rahman, A.R., 2013.The Australian Accounting Standards Review Board (RLE Accounting): The Establishment of Its Participative Review Process. Routledge. Zhuang, Z., 2016. Discussion of An evaluation of asset impairments by Australian firms and whether they were impacted by AASB 136.Accounting Finance,56(1), pp.289-294.

An Assessment of the UAE Private and Public School Sector

Introduction There has always been a globally recognized debate on the differences in education quality between private and public school institutions.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on An Assessment of the UAE Private and Public School Sector specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Majority of the relevant arguments have generally supported the idea that private education tends to produce better graduates in any education level be it elementary, high school or tertiary levels. Public schools are supported by the government while private institutions are owned and run by independent investors who may be individuals or organization. In the UAE, there were 131 private schools during the year 2010. The literacy of UAE falls at 91 percent (Library of Congress, 2007). However, the distribution of private and public schools is quite different to that in other countries of the world such as the U.S. According to our collect ed data the number of public institutions almost equals the number of private institutions. Public schooling is free for all enrolling students in the UAE. This has hence provided a leveled out system that maintains the literacy level of UAE residents at a reasonably high level. Subject choice The subject choice of this report is education and it will compare the business activities of public and private schools in the UAE. The main activities in this report involve comparison between private and public schools in the UAE. In order to do an effective comparison between these two kinds of schools, the project centers its study on the following areas or aspects of schools, performance, gender based population distributions, mode of transport and nationality population. Such aspects will provide important information on accessibility of education in both the private and the public schools. Also information on the rising demand of private schools and the reason they are preferred by for eign students. Through education the economy of the UAE is expected to grow much faster due to the effects of acquiring knowledge in developing new technologies and applying new work methods in various industries. The fruit of such advancements is the increase in income and living standards for UAE citizens.Advertising Looking for assessment on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Effects of education on the UAE economy Education has a core contribution to the economic sustainability and prosperity of the UAE. It is the key determinant of increased productivity and growth in the economy of the UAE. Education is an important element in development of skills necessary in enhancement of modernization and growth in the country. The UAE is endowed with abundant natural resources; oil and gas. In order to ensure improved technology in processing of oil related products, intensive training and education is needed. Such training also provides jobs to the citizens of the UAE. Education plays a key role in research and technology. Research and technology ensure that education provided matches the requirements of the job market. Education is the key element in ensuring that the UAE emerges from the economic crisis facing the world today. The country seeks to play an active role in education in order to ensure an economy which is knowledge based. The reason is that, an educated person is able to turn risks and challenges into social and economic opportunities which are feasible. All strategies and development plans of the UAE are influenced by education because it plays a vital role of removing all obstacles which hinder sustainable development and achievement of high rates of growth. With rapid increase in the country’s population, education is the key investment because this population provides human capital which is important in the UAE’s economy. Comparisons between public and private school will impact the economy because it shall allow us to know how the different institutions affect the kind of education gained by students. Understanding the weaknesses and strength of the entire education system will help in guiding proper planning methods when the government chooses to improve education facilities. The study will affect the economy also by showing contributions of gender and students of different nationalities towards sustainable development. Methods of data collection The data collected is both primary and secondary data. Primary data was collected through observation. The most employed technique of observation in this report is in-depth technique. Participative and non- participative technique was partly used.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on An Assessment of the UAE Private and Public School Sector specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In-depth interviews were carried out through a short quest ionnaire which had the questions on performance, gender, mode of transport and nationality of students was administered. These interviews were done face to face, computer assisted and through telephones. The ones done through computer and telephone calls were directed to known persons like principals, head teachers or head of departments to give information on performance of students and gender population. Questionnaires were administered to students and were done face to face and provided information on all four key areas of study. Surveys were employed too to observe the behavior of students, the mode of transport they preferred and the nationality percentage.. These methods were used to reduce errors that may occur as a result of using one method of collecting data. Participative and non-participative methods of observation were partly used to observe some of the students’ behavior in order to make observations too, mostly on mode of transport and nationality aspects. Seco ndary data is usually collected and recorded by someone else. This data was derived from records, books, logs and journals. Journals on leaders of the UAE on their plans of investing on education and importance of education to this provided secondary data. Such data was readily available on libraries and internet. Data analysis The data collected was in numerical form. Tally method was used to derive data from every questionnaire, call and survey. A table containing the four aspects of study had to be drawn (columns for performance, transport, gender and nationality and rows for private and public schools). Use of spreadsheet program in form Microsoft Excel was most appropriate in calculations of percentages as well as displaying the results. It provided an appropriate means of summarizing the information collected. Graphs were used to display the results and gave an excellent choice. On x- axis was the independent variable, that public and private schools while on y- axis was the p ercentages for each (dependent variable). The data was in sets so different colours had to be used for labeling purposes. Also a legend has been provided in all graphs.Advertising Looking for assessment on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A number of schools were visited and examined such as the Australian School of Abu Dhabi and Al Iman schools. In total a sample size of 60 schools was achieved from which various variables were collected for parameters concerning transportation, gender distribution, nationalities and school fees. Problems faced during data collection Several challenges were faced during the collection of this data. Some of the techniques opted for were not successfully in sourcing the needed data. For instance not all students to whom questionnaires were sent responded. This diminished the sample size that had been selected at first. Also, during the in depth interview phase of the project some of the targeted respondent were completely unavailable for discussion and hence were left out of the collected database. Although the team had arranged for direct meetings with certain school personnel such as headmasters, we were directed to assistance who would continue with the interview. Some schools were however very resourceful in supplying us with relevant information such as the Al Manhal school whose students provided data on their school fees payments. Such figures were more difficult to extract from other schools’ students. Insights and Explanations of Data Findings Tuition price comparisons As is shown in our comparison of two private schools in Table 1, the Australian School of Abu Dhabi and the International Community School, we see a major difference in fees charges to students. The highest fees charged to International Community School Students are AED 31308 while those of the Australian school of Abu Dhabi show a maximum fee charge of AED 43084. The difference between the two private institutions’ fees is quite high (28 percent of the Australian School’s total fees) and this illustrates the market disparities in the private education sector in the UAE. Despite the fact that the total fees for each student in the various respective grades in the Aust ralian School of Abu Dhabi are greater than those at the International Community School, we still see a change when it comes to the correlation of book fees to grade level. In the TIC school, book fees appear to be higher for Grade 9 level students than Grade 10 students by approximately 500 AED. This is not however not the case for the Australian School of Abu Dhabi where book fees correspond to grade level and total fees. This shows an imperfect market situation for private schools. Total Price Comparision Australia School TIC School Grade Total Grade Total KG 1 AED 21,325.00 KG 1 AED 14,725.00 KG 2 AED 21,325.00 KG 2 AED 16,568.00 G 1 AED 24,847.00 G 1 AED 19,723.00 G 2 AED 24,847.00 G 2 AED 19,608.00 G 3 AED 26,233.00 G 3 AED 20,318.00 G 4 AED 26,349.00 G 4 AED 20,642.00 G 5 AED 27,677.00 G 5 AED 21,132.00 G 6 AED 31,765.00 G 6 AED 21,576.00 G 7 AED 33,709.00 G 7 AED 22,973.00 G 8 AED 33,709.00 G 8 AED 23,615.00 G 9 AED 37,0 78.00 G 9 AED 24,323.00 G 10 AED 37,078.00 G 10 AED 25,796.00 G 11 AED 43,084.00 G 11 AED 28,672.00 G 12 AED 43,084.00 G 12 AED 31,308.00 Table 1 Chart 1 shows the complete distribution of tuition cost for all the private schools that were analyzed in the sample. The Canadian International School stands as the institution with the highest fees along with the British and American schools. This goes to show that foreign funded institutions have the highest fees rates in the private education sector. The least expensive private school is the Al Iman School which is owned by locals. The curriculum in the Al Iman School is fully Arabic. This is not the case with the much more expensive foreign schools such as the British School which are based on their own foreign curriculums. This hence results in an educational gap that fails to allow students who graduate from these less expensive schools based completely on the Arabic curriculum to find better job opportunities. These em ployment opportunities may specify requirements for students who have undergone British or American educational systems. The frequent entry of foreign investors will require that locals possess the internationally relevant education needed to fill positions in their firms. Studying strictly under the Arabic system may hence deter the students from benefiting from such opportunities. Nationalities In a categorical assessment of government schools against private schools, it is clear that there is a very strong link between nationality and school type (See Graph 1.) From our sample of 60 schools, we see that all 29 government schools enroll local students while all 31 private schools have a 100 percentage population of students of mixed nationality. This kind of bias further demonstrates the effect of different curricula on the local population. Given that the language of instruction in all government schools is Arabic, it becomes clear that the progress the UAE educational system wil l make in positioning English as a widely used language by locals will come at a snail slow pace. The neglect in teaching fluent communication in English to local students has made the skilled labor distribution favor foreigners more. Gender We note on Graph 2 that there are more gender based government schools than mixed schools. Only one mixed school was identified against the 11 boy schools and 17 girl schools in the public school sector. The private institutions were all mixed. The higher number of girl schools followed from a move by the UAE government to avail more learning opportunities to the girl child in accordance to the UNDP’s Millennium Development goals to empower women (UNDP, 2011). This has worked well to increase literacy levels for local females. Despite the fact that there is a favorable proportion of girl schools to boy schools, the creation of mixed schools has provided a better platform for interactions amongst the sexes for students in private schools. However, the limits that local Arab Culture imposes on interactions between youth of different genders may contribute to the gender based structure of the public education sector. Recommendations Other aspects of the education system in the UAE that are worth looking into in future research topics related to this one are the training levels and backgrounds of teachers in private and public schools. This may provide insights on the quality of education available and also the possibilities of adjusting the educational curriculum to include a more globalized focus that teaches more diverse languages and subjects. Conclusion We can conclude that the efforts that the government in steering higher availability of public education in the UAE has driven up literacy levels significantly. The structures of public schools however need some improvements in order to match the labour needs demanded by the many foreign companies in the country. Since these foreign industries have a huge impact on the economy it will be important for the educational system to support it by preparing civilians to enter the skilled labour market that serves it. References Library of Congress – Federal Research Division (2007). Country Profile: United Arab Emirates, Retrieved from http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/UAE.pdf UNDP (2011). Goal 3: Promote gender equality and empower women, Retrieved from Web This assessment on An Assessment of the UAE Private and Public School Sector was written and submitted by user Blake Velasquez to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.