Battle of Belleau Wood in World War I

Part of the 1918 German Spring Offensives, the Battle of Belleau Wood took place between June 1-26 during World War I (1914 to 1918). Fought predominantly by US Marines, victory was achieved after twenty-six days of combat. The main German attack was repulsed on June 4 and US forces began offensive operations on June 6. The battle halted the German Aisne offensive and launched a counterattack in the area. Fighting in the forest was particularly fierce, with the Marines attacking the wood six times before it was finally secured. German Spring Offensives In early 1918, the German government, freed from fighting a two-front war by the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, chose to launch a massive offensive on the Western Front. This decision was largely motivated by a desire to end the war before the full strength of the United States could be brought into the conflict. Beginning on March 21, the Germans attacked the British Third and Fifth Armies with the goal of splitting the British and French and driving the former into the sea (Map). After driving the British back after making some initial gains, the advance stalled and was ultimately halted at  Villers-Bretonneux. As a result of the crisis caused by the German attack, Marshal Ferdinand Foch was appointed Supreme Commander of the Allied Armies and tasked with coordinating all operations in France. An assault to the north around Lys, dubbed Operation Georgette, met a similar fate in April. To aid these offensives a third attack, Operation  Blà ¼cher–Yorck, was planned for late May in Aisne between Soissons and Rheims (Map). Aisne Offensive Beginning on May 27, German storm troopers broke through the French lines in Aisne. Striking in an area that lacked substantial defenses and reserves, the Germans forced the French Sixth Army into a full retreat. During the first three days of the offensive, the Germans captured 50,000 Allied soldiers and 800 guns. Moving quickly, the Germans advanced to the Marne River and were intent on pressing on to Paris. At the Marne, they were blocked by American troops at Chateau-Thierry and Belleau Wood. The Germans attempted to take Chateau-Thierry but were stopped by US Army forces centered around the 3rd Division on June 2. 2nd Division Arrives On June 1, the Major General Omar Bundys 2nd Division took up positions south of Belleau Wood near Lucy-le-Bocage with its line extending south opposite Vaux. A composite division, the 2nd consisted of Brigadier General Edward M. Lewis 3rd Infantry Brigade (9th 23rd Infantry Regiments) and Brigadier General James Harbords 4th Marine Brigade (5th 6th Marine Regiments). In addition to their infantry regiments, each brigade possessed a machine gun battalion. While Harbords Marines assumed a position near Belleau Wood, Lewis men held a line to the south below the Paris-Metz Road. As the Marines dug in, a French officer suggested that they withdrawal. To this Captain Lloyd Williams of the 5th Marines famously replied, Retreat? Hell, we just got here. Two days later elements of the German 347th Division from Army Group Crown Prince occupied the forest. With their attack at Chateau-Thierry stalling, the Germans launched a major assault on June 4. Supported by machine guns and artillery, the Marines were able to hold, effectively ending the German offensive in Aisne. Marines Move Forward The following day, the commander of the French XXI Corps ordered Harbords 4th Marine Brigade to retake Belleau Wood. On the morning of June 6, the Marines advanced, capturing Hill 142 to the west of the wood with support from the French 167th Division (Map). Twelve hours later, they frontally assaulted the forest itself. To do so, the Marines had to cross a wheat field under heavy German machine gun fire. With his men pinned down, Gunnery Sergeant Dan Daly called Come on ya sons-of-bitches, ya want to live forever? and got them on the move again. When night fell, only a small section of forest had been captured. In addition to Hill 142 and the assault on the woods, the 2nd Battalion, 6th Marines attacked into Bouresches to the east. After taking most of the village, the Marines were forced to dig in against German counterattacks. All reinforcements trying to reach Bouresches had to cross a large open area and were subjected to heavy German fire. When night fell, the Marines had suffered 1,087 casualties making it the bloodiest day in the Corps history to date. Clearing the Forest On June 11, following a heavy artillery bombardment, the Marines pressed hard into Belleau Wood, capturing the southern two-thirds. Two days later, the Germans assaulted Bouresches after a massive gas attack and almost retook the village. With the Marines stretched thin, the 23rd Infantry extended its line and took over the defense of Bouresches. On the 16th, citing exhaustion, Harbord requested that some of the Marines be relieved. His request was granted and three battalions of the 7th Infantry (3rd Division) moved into the forest. After five days of fruitless fighting, the Marines retook their position in the line. On June 23, the Marines launched a major attack into the forest but were unable to gain ground. Suffering staggering losses, they required over two hundred ambulances to carry the wounded. Two days later, Belleau Wood was subjected to a fourteen-hour bombardment by French artillery. Attacking in the wake of the artillery, US forces were finally able to completely clear the forest (Map). On June 26, after defeating some early morning German counterattacks, Major Maurice Shearer was finally able to send the signal, Woods now entirely -US Marine Corps. Aftermath In the fighting around Belleau Wood, American forces suffered 1,811 killed and 7,966 wounded and missing. German casualties are unknown though 1,600 were captured. The Battle of Belleau Wood and the Battle of Chateau-Thierry showed the United States allies that it was fully committed fighting the war and was willing to do whatever was required to achieve victory. The commander of the American Expeditionary Forces, General John J. Pershing,  commented after the battle that The deadliest weapon in the world is a United States Marine and his rifle.  In recognition of their tenacious fighting and victory, the French awarded citations to those units that participated in the battle and renamed Belleau Wood Bois de la Brigade Marine.   Belleau Wood also showed the Marine Corps flare for publicity. While the fighting was still going on, the Marines routinely circumvented the American Expeditionary Forces publicity offices to have their story told, while those of Army units engaged were ignored. Following the Battle of Belleau Wood, Marines began being referred to as Devil Dogs. While many believed that this term was coined by the Germans, its actual origins are unclear. It is known that the Germans highly respected the Marines fighting ability and classified them as elite storm troopers.

Cry, the Beloved Country, by Alan Paton Essay examples

Cry, the Beloved Country, by Alan Paton, is the timeless novel about South Africa in the 1940’s. As powerful white men use the land for their own benefit, the tribal system of the African natives is broken down and replaced by poverty, homelessness, fear, and violence. A black priest, Stephen Kumalo, ventures to the great city of Johannesburg in search of his lost sister and son. His journey demonstrates the unhealthy lifestyle and mutinous atmosphere of the black people; yet he is the beholder of forgiveness, love, hope, and the restoration of a country overwhelmed with problems. The blacks in big cities, such as Johannesburg, are fearful of white men because they have all the power. They own the mines and factories, and make and carry†¦show more content†¦So I shot him. I did not mean to kill him.’†(Pg. 98) When so many white people are being killed by blacks, it can only increase the fear felt by both races: blacks because they do not wish to procure any trouble, and whites because they do not want to be the next victim. By not sacrificing power, the whites are bringing this fear upon themselves. â€Å"And our lives will shrink, but they shall be the lives of superior beings; and we shall live with fear, but at least it will not be a fear of the unknown.†(Pg. 79) The question is: how long can this unstable and superficial lifestyle endure before the dawn of a new equity? Future generations will have to deal with these issues which are left unsolved by a power hungry nation. And if problems are left unsettled for too long, hatred may establish a permanent residence in South Africa. Msimangu, who has anticipated future events, confesses to Kumalo what he fears most deeply: â€Å"‘†¦ that one day when they [white people] are turned to loving, they will find we [black people] are turned to hating’†(Pg. 40) Msimangu understands that certain people are corrupted by power, or only want power to take the power away from other people. With no genuine aspirations, the power is corrupt and no one will benefit. The situation is slightly ironic because the two men are on their way to hear John Kumalo speak. John has no sincerity in his political work, but enjoys the command and importance he gains as an influential speaker. HisShow MoreRelatedCry, the Beloved Country by Alan Paton1076 Words   |  5 PagesAlan Paton who was a South African author and anti-apartheid activist wrote the novel Cry, the Beloved Country, The novel publication in 1948 was just before South Africa institutionalized racial segregation under Apartheid. Paton addresses the destruction of the tribal system in South Africa due to white colonization by using the novel as a medium to illustrate is damage. Throughout the novel we are exposed to the numerous problems resulting from the colonization. Communities are in collapse, theRead MoreCry, the Beloved Country by Alan Paton838 Words   |  3 Pagesindividuals. Alan Paton examines this problem in Cry, the Beloved Country. Throughout the story, Paton adds specific person alities to his characters to contribute to change. Characters in Cry, the Beloved Country went through hardships that changed them to realize reality and its outcomes. Paton accordingly creates a picture throughout his story to explain the problems in South Africa. There are many contributing factors of Paton’s idea to identify as being important for change to occur in Cry, the BelovedRead MoreCry, the Beloved Country by Alan Paton696 Words   |  3 PagesCry, the Beloved Country is a novel with remarkable lyricism written by Alan Paton. Born as a white South African, Alan Paton grew up during a time period marked by racial inequality and later became an activist against apartheid. He was a devout Christian so many of his writings reflect Christian faith. As an activist, he wrote many books about South Africa and racial injustice. While traveling around Europe, he began writing Cry, the Beloved Country, which was published in 1948. That same yearRead MoreCry, The Beloved Country By Alan Paton1155 Words   |  5 Pages Cry, The Beloved Country by Alan Paton is a stunning and all too accurate depiction of apartheid in South Africa. Even though the novel centers on John Kumalo and his struggling family, it subtly shows the social going ons of South Africa supposedly in 1948, when the book was written. Strong examples of this come across in the choral chapters of the novel. These chapters give voice to the people of South Africa. Chapter nine shows the struggles of being black during apartheid, chapter 12 shows theRead MoreCry, The Beloved Country, By Alan Paton1373 Words   |  6 Pagesescape with various routes, but an escape that interestingly calls back to the nature of innocence and child-like questions. It is in this way that Alan Paton’s enduring novel, Cry, The Beloved Country, takes on a unique and refreshing approach to a basic question: that of the equality and dignity of all people. Throughout Cry, The Beloved Country, Paton exudes frequent references to childhood, a devout religiosity, and of course, a return to simple questions; all of which contribute the idea of innocenceRead MoreCry, the Beloved Country by Alan Paton778 Words   |  4 Pagesfront to give it the opposite meaning. Therefor e, it means a land free of cold and horror. It’s such an ironic name for a country where people are living their lives with hunger and fear. The conditions in South Africa during mid-1900 were even worse than they are today. Alan Paton addresses these issues in his novel, Cry, the Beloved Country, published in 1948. Paton uses two contrasting places to present his view of South Africa while suggesting solutions. The desolate village of NdotsheniRead MoreImagery In Cry, The Beloved Country By Alan Paton768 Words   |  4 Pagesnoises, etc, as did the roles in the novel. Alan Paton uses a strong voice packed with imagery in his passage, â€Å"For they grow red and bare; they cannot hold the rain and mist, and the streams are dry in the kloofs. Too many cattle feed upon the grass, and too many fires have burned it. Stand shod upon it, for it is coarse and sharp, and the stones cut under the feet. It is not kept or guarded, or cared for, it no longer keeps men, guards men, cares for men† (Paton, 34). The overwhelming senses of touchRead MoreCry The Beloved Country By Alan Paton Analysis928 Words   |  4 PagesIt is no new information that God tends to directs the ordinary people out of their normal lives and make something great out of them. This reprsents what occured in Stephen Kumalos life from the book Cry, the Beloved Country by Alan Paton. Those who live broken and imperfect are the people God sees something special in. Grabbing these people out of their brokenness and make the world better through them. Like all the other ordinary people that contributed in Gods plan, Stephen Kumalos journeyRead MoreCry, The Beloved Country By Alan Paton Reconciliation981 Words   |  4 PagesDespite the violence depicted amongst the whites and blacks of South Africa, in Cry, The Beloved Country by Alan Paton reconciliation and the spirit of unity present themselves through two men: Reverend Kumalo and James Jarvis. To be able to reconcile and unite with others, people must first be able to look inward and come to peace with themselves. One of the main struggles throughout Cry, The Beloved Country emanates from within the characters, as they try to come to terms with events. StephenRead MoreAlan Paton s Cry, The Beloved The Country1358 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Blacks, leading up to the Civil War, and during the Apartheid, the Natives were segregated from the Whites. In Alan Paton’s Cry, the Beloved the Country, the main character Stephen Kumalo goes through a journey to restore his tribe. During his journey, he discovers and learns of the injustices in South Africa. Through the parallels and contradictions of biblical allusions, Alan Paton is able to explain the impact of racial inequality in South Africa, but signifies how unconditional love and hope

Negotiation in Action Free Essays

Negotiation in Action One of my most substantial accomplishments is that I learned significant concepts and principles of negotiation during the course. Negotiation process and a variety of tactics that I learned in class or through the textbook, Getting to Yes, were definitely helpful for improving my understanding of negotiation and its strategy. Another important accomplishment is that I have learned what I couldn’t have learned from lectures or textbooks through negotiation simulations. We will write a custom essay sample on Negotiation in Action or any similar topic only for you Order Now I prepared a lot for each negotiation and tried to follow the strategy that I had set up in advance. After negotiations, I tried to identify what worked, what didn’t and how I could improve next time. I have kept a list of successes and mistakes and I have eventually become more confident in a variety of negotiation situations. While negotiating, I have been more like a soft positional negotiator who emphasizes the importance of building and maintaining a better relationship, trying not to hurt other’s feelings. My unique set of negotiation skills are : ? polite, positive and active attitude, ? a good listener and ? thinking of the other’s position. During the process of negotiation simulations, I have always tried to listen more actively and acknowledge more carefully what is being said by the partner. If I pay attention more, the partner will also feel the satisfaction of being heard and understood. However, I realized that I need to balance my position better according to different situations. I have learned that constructively initiating positional bargaining is essential and approaching to solutions according to my position is more effective in negotiation process. In addition, I have learned not only that negotiating with partners cooperatively and competitively is one of the most significant factors for successful negotiation but that cultivating good relationships for the future is very important as well. To do so, I need to effectively manage emotions in disputes and favorably understand cultural differences. I would like to set two top priority goals for my future negotiation. One is that, thinking about a variety of tactics such as â€Å"BATNA†, ZOPA, and etc. , I will always try to find an optimal solution, which is â€Å"win-win† for both sides, instead of arguing over my position and pursuing only my own interests. The other priority is that I will establish healthy personal and professional relationships in my life, having a positive and active attitude, understanding people, appreciating their wants, identifying their needs and learning about their background and what makes them who they are. Recommendation Letter I strongly recommend this course. This course is designed to cover the range of negotiation situations and issues faced by managers and decision makers. This course explores negotiations in many contexts: simple personal transactions, public and private sector collective bargaining, resolving disputes. I was able to develop tactics and strategies for becoming an effective negotiator and have confidence in the ability to analyze negotiations in a variety of contexts and to conduct successful negotiations. How to cite Negotiation in Action, Essay examples

Corporate Governance in Accounting Discretion †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Governance in Accounting Discretion. Answer: Introduction: From the media release of ASIC 17 to 162, it is clearly understood that business enterprises that are listed under Australian Stock Exchange need to prepare financial statement by keeping into account activities that should fulfill the purpose of financial users (Investor.myer.com.au. 2017). In order to be more specific, the financial report needs to be prepared with transparency and in agreement to conceptual framework where the financial statement should be well-understood by the external and internal users. On analysis, it is noted that most of the companies are using improper assumptions at the time of preparing their accounts for different transactions such as recognition of liabilities or revenue. John Price was the commissioner of ASIC and he opined that auditors should be analyzing the accounting strategies in accordance to the financial statements of previous years (Zhuang 2016). As mentioned in AASB 136 (Impairment of Assets), these assets actually seek way to assure the fact that assets shown in the balance sheet should not carry out values that is more than the recoverable value of the assets (Aasb.gov.au. 2017). At the time of impairment of assets, the recoverable value as well as fair value of the assets is deducted from the cost of disposal that needs to be measured. In addition, the impairment loss is the different between the recoverable amount as well as fair value of the asset. As mentioned in AASB 136, business enterprise should carry out the impairment test for once in each year. It was clearly mentioned in the Para 12 to 14 under AASB 136 that some of the indicators are related for impairment of any asset (Rahman 2013). Furthermore, it is the responsibility of the management to test the impairment of asset for given period of time. There are different indications of impairment that are mentioned below: Internal source It is understood that the asset become obsolete or it is damaged physically (Bond, Govendir and Wells 2016). At the time of using asset, the method use is significantly changed (Preiato, Brown and Tarca 2015) External source The external environmental analysis such as technological, legal, market situations for operating in the environment of the business entity that had been significantly changed. The carrying amount of asset exceed with the market capitalization There are significant changes present in the market rate of interest or market return that need proper attention (Khokan Bepari, Rahman and Taher Mollik 2014) Evidence of impairment with regard to Myer Holdings Limited Asset Turnover- In regard to Myer Holdings limited, it is important to take into account the asset turnover where the turnover ranges from 1.40 to 1.80. There is no significant shift present that can enhance the impairment indication (Bond, Govendir and Wells 2016). Asset Flow- In regard to Myer Holdings limited, it is noted that if impairment test is carried out properly, then proper consideration needs to be taken regarding the asset flow of many stores of Myer Holdings limited. It is where the asset flow is recognized but there is no significant change preset over past few years (Kabir and Rahman 2016). From the above two tests, it is noted that these tests fails to recognize asset for impairment. Hence, it is needed to compete with Amazon where Myer Holdings limited planed to change the outlook of the departmental store of Frankton (Preiato, Brown and Tarca 2015). To this, the company plans to change their outlook by changing traditional black and white get up of the store to vibrant yellow color. There will be change of uniforms for the staff members. The storage system will be altered in a way that can give more space for storage. In accordance to AASB 136, the changes will be restructured as per the accounting standards that are treated as the internal source of information for impairment indication of the store front. It is for this reason why the store of Frankton need test for impairment in their accounting operations (Guthrie and Pang 2013). Process of determining impairment At the time of calculating value or amount of impairment assets, it is important to look at any indication of impairment of asset in business in such events (Bond, Govendir and Wells 2016). It is important to measure the carrying value of assets as well as value in use. In addition, the approval of assets by the management of business in relation to asset based on forecasted cash flow statement that is generated by assets. Forecasting cash flow statement is predicted for longer time. It is the responsibility of the management to use terminal rate of growth for calculating cash flow for almost 5 years (Deegan 2013). There are various assumptions that are used at the time of calculating cash flow by asset generation activities and these are as follows: Terminal growth rate is assumed to be at 2.5% Pre-discount rate has been assumed to be at 14.4% Operating margin rate deals with gross profit that is assumed to be at 39.5% It is evaluated by each stores of company that is used for recognizing and establishing impairment requirement. In addition, it is important to forecast cash flow operations that generates from assets and based on budget for cash generating unit. Information related to determination of impairment It is important to determine the impairment value as well as reason that is associated with the fact where impairment is made by using recoverable value and through value in use (Preiato, Brown and Tarca 2015) It is essential for business enterprise to conduct detailed disclosures at the time of recognition of loss in associated with impairment and testing of impairment It is essential for business enterprise to reverse the amount of loss in association with the impairment in the past accounting period that concern or deal with goodwill or any other assets. It can be performed in events when forecasted values of recoverable value of assets are used for impaired changes (Bond, Govendir and Wells 2016) As mentioned in the income statement, impairment is treated as expense after identifying and recognizing loss. As mentioned in the balance sheet, amount is subtracted from asset closing value of assets. Flexibility management for recognizing asset impairments On analysis, it is noted that there is no hard and fast rule that all management of companies need to have specialized expert in accounting based on Australian securities as well as investment commission (Bond, Govendir and Wells 2016). To that, management of companies can always taken help from accounting firms or recruit accounting experts for the work. At the time when forecasted or projected value does not match with required or actual outcome, it is essential for the management to discuss the matter with accounts by engaging in in-depth analysis. Clarity should be present in each of financial statement of any business enterprise so that the users can easily interpret the information in an effective way (Bond, Govendir and Wells 2016). As mentioned in the Australian Accounting Standard Board 136, there are some facts that need proper attention and can be understood from the case study of Myer Holdings Limited (Preiato, Brown and Tarca 2015). To that, it is important for the management to carry out test for impairments at least once in a year. It is important for the company to measure the value in use as well as recoverable value. From the case study on Myer Holdings Limited, it is noted that the company is very adjusting for carrying out the impairment tests (Bepari and Mollik 2015). Reference List Aasb.gov.au. 2017. Australian Accounting Standards Board (AASB) - Home. [online] Available at: https://www.aasb.gov.au/ [Accessed 29 Aug. 2017]. Bepari, M.K. and Mollik, A.T., 2015. Effect of audit quality and accounting and finance backgrounds of audit committee members on firms compliance with IFRS for goodwill impairment testing.Journal of Applied Accounting Research,16(2), pp.196-220. Bond, D., Govendir, B. and Wells, P., 2016. An evaluation of asset impairments by Australian firms and whether they were impacted by AASB 136.Accounting Finance,56(1), pp.259-288. Brown, P., Preiato, J. and Tarca, A., 2014. Measuring country differences in enforcement of accounting standards: An audit and enforcement proxy.Journal of Business Finance Accounting,41(1-2), pp.1-52. Deegan, C., 2013.Financial accounting theory. McGraw-Hill Education Australia. Guthrie, J. and Pang, T.T., 2013. Disclosure of Goodwill Impairment under AASB 136 from 20052010.Australian Accounting Review,23(3), pp.216-231. Investor.myer.com.au. 2017. Myer Investor Relations. [online] Available at: https://investor.myer.com.au/Investor-Centre/ [Accessed 29 Aug. 2017]. Kabir, H. and Rahman, A., 2016. The role of corporate governance in accounting discretion under IFRS: Goodwill impairment in Australia.Journal of Contemporary Accounting Economics,12(3), pp.290-308. Khokan Bepari, M., F. Rahman, S. and Taher Mollik, A., 2014. Firms' compliance with the disclosure requirements of IFRS for goodwill impairment testing: Effect of the global financial crisis and other firm characteristics.Journal of Accounting Organizational Change,10(1), pp.116-149. Preiato, J., Brown, P. and Tarca, A., 2015. A comparison of between?country measures of legal setting and enforcement of accounting standards.Journal of Business Finance Accounting,42(1-2), pp.1-50. Rahman, A.R., 2013.The Australian Accounting Standards Review Board (RLE Accounting): The Establishment of Its Participative Review Process. Routledge. Zhuang, Z., 2016. Discussion of An evaluation of asset impairments by Australian firms and whether they were impacted by AASB 136.Accounting Finance,56(1), pp.289-294.

An Assessment of the UAE Private and Public School Sector

Introduction There has always been a globally recognized debate on the differences in education quality between private and public school institutions.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on An Assessment of the UAE Private and Public School Sector specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Majority of the relevant arguments have generally supported the idea that private education tends to produce better graduates in any education level be it elementary, high school or tertiary levels. Public schools are supported by the government while private institutions are owned and run by independent investors who may be individuals or organization. In the UAE, there were 131 private schools during the year 2010. The literacy of UAE falls at 91 percent (Library of Congress, 2007). However, the distribution of private and public schools is quite different to that in other countries of the world such as the U.S. According to our collect ed data the number of public institutions almost equals the number of private institutions. Public schooling is free for all enrolling students in the UAE. This has hence provided a leveled out system that maintains the literacy level of UAE residents at a reasonably high level. Subject choice The subject choice of this report is education and it will compare the business activities of public and private schools in the UAE. The main activities in this report involve comparison between private and public schools in the UAE. In order to do an effective comparison between these two kinds of schools, the project centers its study on the following areas or aspects of schools, performance, gender based population distributions, mode of transport and nationality population. Such aspects will provide important information on accessibility of education in both the private and the public schools. Also information on the rising demand of private schools and the reason they are preferred by for eign students. Through education the economy of the UAE is expected to grow much faster due to the effects of acquiring knowledge in developing new technologies and applying new work methods in various industries. The fruit of such advancements is the increase in income and living standards for UAE citizens.Advertising Looking for assessment on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Effects of education on the UAE economy Education has a core contribution to the economic sustainability and prosperity of the UAE. It is the key determinant of increased productivity and growth in the economy of the UAE. Education is an important element in development of skills necessary in enhancement of modernization and growth in the country. The UAE is endowed with abundant natural resources; oil and gas. In order to ensure improved technology in processing of oil related products, intensive training and education is needed. Such training also provides jobs to the citizens of the UAE. Education plays a key role in research and technology. Research and technology ensure that education provided matches the requirements of the job market. Education is the key element in ensuring that the UAE emerges from the economic crisis facing the world today. The country seeks to play an active role in education in order to ensure an economy which is knowledge based. The reason is that, an educated person is able to turn risks and challenges into social and economic opportunities which are feasible. All strategies and development plans of the UAE are influenced by education because it plays a vital role of removing all obstacles which hinder sustainable development and achievement of high rates of growth. With rapid increase in the country’s population, education is the key investment because this population provides human capital which is important in the UAE’s economy. Comparisons between public and private school will impact the economy because it shall allow us to know how the different institutions affect the kind of education gained by students. Understanding the weaknesses and strength of the entire education system will help in guiding proper planning methods when the government chooses to improve education facilities. The study will affect the economy also by showing contributions of gender and students of different nationalities towards sustainable development. Methods of data collection The data collected is both primary and secondary data. Primary data was collected through observation. The most employed technique of observation in this report is in-depth technique. Participative and non- participative technique was partly used.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on An Assessment of the UAE Private and Public School Sector specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In-depth interviews were carried out through a short quest ionnaire which had the questions on performance, gender, mode of transport and nationality of students was administered. These interviews were done face to face, computer assisted and through telephones. The ones done through computer and telephone calls were directed to known persons like principals, head teachers or head of departments to give information on performance of students and gender population. Questionnaires were administered to students and were done face to face and provided information on all four key areas of study. Surveys were employed too to observe the behavior of students, the mode of transport they preferred and the nationality percentage.. These methods were used to reduce errors that may occur as a result of using one method of collecting data. Participative and non-participative methods of observation were partly used to observe some of the students’ behavior in order to make observations too, mostly on mode of transport and nationality aspects. Seco ndary data is usually collected and recorded by someone else. This data was derived from records, books, logs and journals. Journals on leaders of the UAE on their plans of investing on education and importance of education to this provided secondary data. Such data was readily available on libraries and internet. Data analysis The data collected was in numerical form. Tally method was used to derive data from every questionnaire, call and survey. A table containing the four aspects of study had to be drawn (columns for performance, transport, gender and nationality and rows for private and public schools). Use of spreadsheet program in form Microsoft Excel was most appropriate in calculations of percentages as well as displaying the results. It provided an appropriate means of summarizing the information collected. Graphs were used to display the results and gave an excellent choice. On x- axis was the independent variable, that public and private schools while on y- axis was the p ercentages for each (dependent variable). The data was in sets so different colours had to be used for labeling purposes. Also a legend has been provided in all graphs.Advertising Looking for assessment on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A number of schools were visited and examined such as the Australian School of Abu Dhabi and Al Iman schools. In total a sample size of 60 schools was achieved from which various variables were collected for parameters concerning transportation, gender distribution, nationalities and school fees. Problems faced during data collection Several challenges were faced during the collection of this data. Some of the techniques opted for were not successfully in sourcing the needed data. For instance not all students to whom questionnaires were sent responded. This diminished the sample size that had been selected at first. Also, during the in depth interview phase of the project some of the targeted respondent were completely unavailable for discussion and hence were left out of the collected database. Although the team had arranged for direct meetings with certain school personnel such as headmasters, we were directed to assistance who would continue with the interview. Some schools were however very resourceful in supplying us with relevant information such as the Al Manhal school whose students provided data on their school fees payments. Such figures were more difficult to extract from other schools’ students. Insights and Explanations of Data Findings Tuition price comparisons As is shown in our comparison of two private schools in Table 1, the Australian School of Abu Dhabi and the International Community School, we see a major difference in fees charges to students. The highest fees charged to International Community School Students are AED 31308 while those of the Australian school of Abu Dhabi show a maximum fee charge of AED 43084. The difference between the two private institutions’ fees is quite high (28 percent of the Australian School’s total fees) and this illustrates the market disparities in the private education sector in the UAE. Despite the fact that the total fees for each student in the various respective grades in the Aust ralian School of Abu Dhabi are greater than those at the International Community School, we still see a change when it comes to the correlation of book fees to grade level. In the TIC school, book fees appear to be higher for Grade 9 level students than Grade 10 students by approximately 500 AED. This is not however not the case for the Australian School of Abu Dhabi where book fees correspond to grade level and total fees. This shows an imperfect market situation for private schools. Total Price Comparision Australia School TIC School Grade Total Grade Total KG 1 AED 21,325.00 KG 1 AED 14,725.00 KG 2 AED 21,325.00 KG 2 AED 16,568.00 G 1 AED 24,847.00 G 1 AED 19,723.00 G 2 AED 24,847.00 G 2 AED 19,608.00 G 3 AED 26,233.00 G 3 AED 20,318.00 G 4 AED 26,349.00 G 4 AED 20,642.00 G 5 AED 27,677.00 G 5 AED 21,132.00 G 6 AED 31,765.00 G 6 AED 21,576.00 G 7 AED 33,709.00 G 7 AED 22,973.00 G 8 AED 33,709.00 G 8 AED 23,615.00 G 9 AED 37,0 78.00 G 9 AED 24,323.00 G 10 AED 37,078.00 G 10 AED 25,796.00 G 11 AED 43,084.00 G 11 AED 28,672.00 G 12 AED 43,084.00 G 12 AED 31,308.00 Table 1 Chart 1 shows the complete distribution of tuition cost for all the private schools that were analyzed in the sample. The Canadian International School stands as the institution with the highest fees along with the British and American schools. This goes to show that foreign funded institutions have the highest fees rates in the private education sector. The least expensive private school is the Al Iman School which is owned by locals. The curriculum in the Al Iman School is fully Arabic. This is not the case with the much more expensive foreign schools such as the British School which are based on their own foreign curriculums. This hence results in an educational gap that fails to allow students who graduate from these less expensive schools based completely on the Arabic curriculum to find better job opportunities. These em ployment opportunities may specify requirements for students who have undergone British or American educational systems. The frequent entry of foreign investors will require that locals possess the internationally relevant education needed to fill positions in their firms. Studying strictly under the Arabic system may hence deter the students from benefiting from such opportunities. Nationalities In a categorical assessment of government schools against private schools, it is clear that there is a very strong link between nationality and school type (See Graph 1.) From our sample of 60 schools, we see that all 29 government schools enroll local students while all 31 private schools have a 100 percentage population of students of mixed nationality. This kind of bias further demonstrates the effect of different curricula on the local population. Given that the language of instruction in all government schools is Arabic, it becomes clear that the progress the UAE educational system wil l make in positioning English as a widely used language by locals will come at a snail slow pace. The neglect in teaching fluent communication in English to local students has made the skilled labor distribution favor foreigners more. Gender We note on Graph 2 that there are more gender based government schools than mixed schools. Only one mixed school was identified against the 11 boy schools and 17 girl schools in the public school sector. The private institutions were all mixed. The higher number of girl schools followed from a move by the UAE government to avail more learning opportunities to the girl child in accordance to the UNDP’s Millennium Development goals to empower women (UNDP, 2011). This has worked well to increase literacy levels for local females. Despite the fact that there is a favorable proportion of girl schools to boy schools, the creation of mixed schools has provided a better platform for interactions amongst the sexes for students in private schools. However, the limits that local Arab Culture imposes on interactions between youth of different genders may contribute to the gender based structure of the public education sector. Recommendations Other aspects of the education system in the UAE that are worth looking into in future research topics related to this one are the training levels and backgrounds of teachers in private and public schools. This may provide insights on the quality of education available and also the possibilities of adjusting the educational curriculum to include a more globalized focus that teaches more diverse languages and subjects. Conclusion We can conclude that the efforts that the government in steering higher availability of public education in the UAE has driven up literacy levels significantly. The structures of public schools however need some improvements in order to match the labour needs demanded by the many foreign companies in the country. Since these foreign industries have a huge impact on the economy it will be important for the educational system to support it by preparing civilians to enter the skilled labour market that serves it. References Library of Congress – Federal Research Division (2007). Country Profile: United Arab Emirates, Retrieved from http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/UAE.pdf UNDP (2011). Goal 3: Promote gender equality and empower women, Retrieved from Web This assessment on An Assessment of the UAE Private and Public School Sector was written and submitted by user Blake Velasquez to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

10 Narrative Essay Topics on Women Empowerment

10 Narrative Essay Topics on Women Empowerment Women play a vital role in making our world a better place. However, only a few organizations truly empower women with their due rights. In recent years though, experts have started to acknowledge the development and economic benefits of women empowerment. Writing a narrative essay is easy, fun and very enlightening as you are writing about your own personal experience and gaining knowledge from those experiences, getting to know yourself better than ever in the process. However, to write the perfect narrative essay that can be appreciated by your professor, you need solid facts, some topics to start with and an informational guide on how to write a flawless narrative essay. This is where our expansive guides come in. We have written three different guides for you that describe facts, topics and writing a great narrative on women’s empowerment. In this first guide, you are provided with 10 facts for a narrative essay on women empowerment. This is the perfect place to gather information for your essay without going through the trouble of having to find credible sources to start researching. In our second guide, you are provided with 20 topics for a narrative essay on women empowerment so that it becomes easier for you to choose a topic and start writing. Many students get stuck while choosing a good topic for their essay, which is why we’ve chosen 20 relevant topics to aid you. We’ve also included a sample narrative essay at the end which will help you further in writing a stellar narrative essay on your topic of choice. Finally, in our third guide, we explain how to write a narrative essay on women empowerment to enable you to write a better, more liberal and error-free narrative essay on your particular topic. It is highly recommended not to skip any of our guides, in order to attain perfection in your writing and the essay itself. Let’s get to it then. Here are 10 Facts on Women Empowerment: Almost 50 million people around the world are surrounded by civil wars, violent conflicts, disasters and displacement; 80% of those 50 million people are women and children. Without women empowerment campaigns, there is no hope for these women. Throughout the world, there are only a few places where women have a strong hold on parliamentary seats such as Rwanda, Cuba and the United States. In 2004, Rwanda’s parliament housed 48.8% of women’s seats, 36% of these seats were held by women in Cuba and only 14.3% of parliamentary seats were held by women in the US respectively. In contrast, Saudi Arabia and Solomon Island do not have a single woman in their parliament. In a study that took place in Kenya, researchers found that 38% of farms were run by women. These women were so perfect in harvesting goods that they managed to harvest the same amount as men did without any help such as advice, loans, fertilizers, insecticides and hybrid seeds. When these women accomplished every goal related to farming men had, they were more efficient in harvesting and actually produced bigger harvests than men. During a survey, it was found that when women get involved in work, economics grow rapidly. Since there are plethora of women who don’t work due to several reasons, a big gap between men’s and women’s labor force is created, which decreases overall economic growth. When this gap is reduced, the economy starts to grow at a rapid pace. When a large amount of evidence was collected through various countries around the world, it was found that when women have influence over household income, either through their own earning or funds transfer, it changes the way their families, which later down the line, benefits the future of their children as well. If we talk on a global scale, women are paid 20 25% less than men. This is because women don’t want to get involved in formal professional sectors as they are not trained to such tasks effectively. But due to women empowerment campaigns, we are seeing a rise in women’s wages and their demand over formal sectors of industries. Around the world, women’s labor force is directly affected due to the reason that they spend more time caring for their children, elders and the sick in their family. This negatively impacts women’s labor force; 25% of women in the European Union are unable to perform labor due to the reason that they have personal responsibilities such as taking care of their children and families at home. In contrast, only 3% of men end up undertaking the same responsibilities. Despite improvements in the last 50 years in terms of development and economics, women who are working professionally are unable to enjoy â€Å"leisure time† because of the sheer amount of work they have on their hands at home; i.e. taking care of the family. Men, on the other hand, do have the time to wind down and relax after a hard day’s labor. Through women empowerment, gender inequalities can be done away with so that women can also have the same amount of time to themselves in order to pursue their personal interests An estimated 15 million girls under 18 years of age are married every year, without even seeking their personal opinion or approval. This occurs because there is no women empowerment and our societies simply lack gender equality. Most of the time, these newly wedded brides face troublesome issues in their lives as they are very young and cannot handle all the responsibilities that a married life entails. These brides are also unable to pursue education which makes it impossible to secure high paying jobs – resulting in lower self-esteem, poverty and lower IQ levels throughout the generations. American women, who are serving in Iraq and Afghanistan, are more likely to be raped by their own co-workers rather than getting killed in action. This kind of behavior by military men happens due to a lack of equal opportunities, adequate protection and benefits for the women who are serving their country side by side with these men. While these facts may have been interesting to read, they are depressing and distressful as well. However, the above facts are sure to help you in writing an exemplary narrative essay on women empowerment. Let’s move on to our second guide where you will see examples of 20 topics for a narrative essay on women empowerment. This guide also helps you to start writing without any hesitation as there is a sample essay at the end, which will help you better understand how a narrative essay is written. Remember to check out our third guide, how to write a narrative essay on women empowerment. In our last guide, you will learn dos and don’ts of writing a narrative essay and some general tips on how to write a flawless and professional narrative essay on your own. References: Klasen, S. and Lamanna, F. (2009), â€Å"The impact of gender inequality in education and employment on economic growth: New evidence for a panel of countries,† Feminist Economics, 15: 3, pp. 91-132 (as retrieved from UN Women, Progress of the World’s Women 2015-2016: Transforming economies, realizing rights Chapter 4, p. 199) U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics, annual averages bls.gov/news.release/wkyeng.t07.htm; Differences by Race and Ethnicity, No Growth in Real Wages for Women,† by Ariane Hegewisch, Claudia Williams, Heidi Hartmann, Ph.D., Stephanie Keller Hudiburg (March 2014). Fact Sheet, p. 2.  iwpr.org/publications/pubs/the-gender-wage-gap-2013-differences-by-race-and-ethnicity-no-growth-in-real-wages-for-women International Labour Organization (2014). Global Employment Trends 2014: Risk of a jobless recovery p. 19. ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/dgreports/dcomm/publ/documents/publication/wcms_233953.pdf E. Gakidou, et al., 2010, â€Å"Increased Educational Attainment and its Effect on Child Mortality in 175 Countries between 1970 and 2009: A Systematic Analysis,† The Lancet, 376(9745), p. 969. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Gender Equality in Education, Employment and Entrepreneurship: Final Report to the MCM 2012. p. 17  oecd.org/employment/50423364.pdf. Duflo, Esther, (2012) Women Empowerment and Economic Development Journal of Economic Literature, Volume 50, Number 4 | American Economic Association Fontana Paciello, 2010. Other forms of non-agricultural employment for example in trade activities or small enterprises constitute only a small fraction of total employment in rural areas (as retrieved from UN Women, forthcoming, Progress of the World’s Women 2015-2016. Chapter 2, p. )

Trifles Dead Bird Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Trifles Dead Bird - Essay Example Mrs. Peters points to a broken jar that the author refers to as preserves. From this, the sheriff wonders how a woman can worry about her preserves while she is facing murder charges. The sheriff, from this statement implies that there are certain things that only a woman needs to worry about. The preserves symbolize anything that women worry about more than men. At some point, the women also commented on the tidiness of the house. Well, men in the society from this play do not pay attention to such things and are always complaining of a messy house (Glaspell, 202). Mrs. Wright’s husband seemed to displease her. The mistakes her husband made, ‘trifles’ were considered among the reasons for her wanting to kill her husband. On another instance, the author expresses her belief that on marriage, a woman loses her identity, and becomes what her husband is. This is seen in the play when the County attorney says that a sheriff’s wife is married to the law. The sheriff’s wife is Mrs. Peters. Mrs. Wright is described as jovial and one who loves to wear colorful clothing. However, on marriage she becomes the opposite. The untidy state of her house is reflected to her husband. In the play, the ladies also share a belief with the men that they are of little importance. It is also observed from the play that women did not share trivial issues with the men. The men did not see value in whatever opinions they held. The women thought that if they shared their thoughts with the men they would be laughed at. They also considered their opinions as trifles. On the search for evidence, the women discussed minor issues that would collect up to substantial evidence. The men, however, were looking for a major piece of evidence since they considered the minor pieces as trifles. The women even had doubts that the trifles would solve the crime due to the little value put on them by the men. The fact that Mrs.

Decisions in Paradise II Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Decisions in Paradise II - Essay Example This paper will analyze the strategies that can be formulated and implemented by The Coffee Bean & Tea Leaf (CBTL) in Kava to strengthen its presence. As Force-Field Analysis focuses on â€Å"understanding the factors that would drive strategies and those that would hinder them†, CBTL can analyze both the driving and hindering factors to come up with an optimal plan. (United Nations Public Administration Network). In the case, the decision making process was initiated by Nik and Alex to tap the opportunities or the driving forces that was available in the island of Kava. The first strategy that can be driven by various factors is the launching of a pan island Newspaper. Good decision-making starts from the right place (Paul and Elder). This initiative can exhibit how CBTL can launch any new initiative in an entirely new setting and importantly can exhibit its Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) to the citizens of the Kava, as newspapers are key mediums of social activism. As these factors will act has a key driving force, the company can launch the next set of actions, which includes setting up a printing office in Kava. In both the printing section as well as in the newspaper content creating section, local people can be recruited. This step will also take care of CSR angle, as the local population will get good employment.

Geodemographic report using SPSS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Geodemographic report using SPSS - Essay Example Combining the dynamics of human population with the spatial and locational differences enabled researchers to comprehend the characteristics of population in different locations. Based on the demographic data, marketers target particular communities for various purposes ranging from marketing to politics. Essentially, geodemography is the comprehension of complicated socio-economic information by the use of structured statistical methods (Brimicombe, 2007). SPSS is one of the most commonly employed computer programme to analyze statistics and its manual of this programme stands as one of the most high-ranking books in sociology. Some of the other functions performed by this programme include deploying surveys, extracting data, analysis of text and collaboration and usage. SPSS is a relatively user-friendly programme that is in practical use to undertake research. It facilitates mining information from questionnaires and converting it into totals and percentages. In addition, it allow s statistical calculations to be performed that help in estimating the significance of results. 2. Aim of The Area Classification The objective of my classification is to identify areas within the local authority (Worthing in West Sussex) where it is most suitable to start a charity campaign by targeting wealthier areas. This report contains the methodology, analysis and results of an independent appraisal and evaluation of the community in Worthing, West Sussex placed under wealth analysis. The goal of my classification and research was to identify different socio-economic and demographic areas within the local authority in Worthing, West Sussex. Based on this information, the community can then be segmented into different socio-economic strata. The charity campaigners can then easily differentiate between the wealthy and impoverished areas. The chances of receiving donations will escalate by targeting the affluent segment of society as indicated by studies on the matter (Gertner, 2008). Alternatively, the accumulated funds can be invested for the welfare of the underprivileged section of the society. The specific aims of the research are: 1. To identify income disparities; 2. To find out the level of qualifications and education in the community; 3. To provide financial support to the unemployed and boost the number of people in employment; 4. Increase the amount of volunteers in social care and promote a wider range of volunteer activities that people can undertake after adequate training and support; 5. To shift resources and change cultural norms away from wealth constituted in a few hands to a more equitable distribution of wealth. 3. Methodology and Practical Work In order to carry out a statistical analysis of the population segments in the target area, the statistics were gathered from the 2001 Aggregate Statistics Datasets. These data sets also had digital boundary data included with them in order to facilitate geodemographic concerns. The statistics were obtained by specifying the applicable district, county, region and country which in this case was Worthing in West Sussex. The major statistics were chosen from the Key Statistics dataset tables and were moved using a query designed in Microsoft Excel. This was followed by extracting the digital boundary for the target area. Excel was then used to calculate the percentage

Case Study Of Psychosomatic Pain Nasrin Nursing Essay

Case Study Of Psychosomatic Pain Nasrin Nursing Essay It is a case of psychosomatic pain disorder in which a twenty seven year old lady named Nasrin is suffering from lower abdomen pain. Recently she had hysterectomy due to heavy periods and regular severe uterine pain. But after six months of her surgery she still feeling pain in her lower abdomen and she have no improvement in pain after six months of her surgery. Her gynecologist confident her that everything was normal but she was not satisfied with this statement. She visits many specialists but found no relief. She felt sharp pain everyday from few minutes to hours. In recent times she felt chest pain and thought she is having heart attack. But after her checkup in emergency the physician recommended that it might be anxiety. She felt insulted .Her GP influenced her to go to psychologist. GP clarified her that at times even emotions causes difficulties in medical problems Clients problems and Diagnosis: Nasrin went to consultant and told her problems. She explained that she has severe low backache and her pain is presently radiating both legs. Pain is very sharp and brought herself to tears. Pain occurs every day at different time intervals. She has lack of motivation and interest. She didnt sleep properly in night. She felt insulted when GP told her that these are only the signs of anxiety and tell her to see a psychologist. She avoids to meet anyone and seen herself failure and weak. By studying the whole case the case is diagnosed with the help of DSM IV checklist and it is diagnosed as a case of pain disorder associated with psychological factors. The client has following features: Her main problem was significant pain from long time. There are many psychological factors which play main role in the beginning, severity, exacerbation or preservation of pain. As pain felt everyday at different times and intervals. Pain is very sharp that brings Nasrin to tears. The symptoms are not purposely produced by the patient. Background: Patient Nasrin is the youngest one in her family. Since puberty she has not good health. She was having severe recurrent headaches but those headaches were not diagnosed as the attacks of migraine. When she was twelve years old her grandmother died. She was suffered with the symptoms of after stroke for four years before her death. After the death of her grandmother her mom showed sympathy towards her and whenever she felt those headaches she told her lie down. Her mother gave cold compression to her head. Mostly she felt chest pain during the stress period of exams. She got married at the age of twenty one and she left her study because of her severe headaches. She always tried to become an ideal companion. Her husband Alfred was also caring but due to her continuous appointments with doctors and their expenses he started criticizing her. Her husband left her after two years of her marriage. She was heartbroken at that time then she started work for supporting herself but soon she l ost her job due to her health problems. Because of her continuous visits to doctors she was absent from work many times and this was the reason for her job lost. After that she joined her parents and moved to their house. Case formulation: For formulating the case, first of all the consultant assesses and socializes into cognitive therapy. CBT is the therapy of choice in various mental health problems. CBT promote patient to talk about himself in a way that how the patient think about himself, the surrounding world and the other persons surrounding him. What are the things affects patients thoughts and feelings. By knowing all these things CBT helps in patients thinking (Cognitive) and what he do (behaviour) and this can help patient to feel better regarding his life. After that assessed the detailed description of the problem of client and in this case it is recurrent lower abdominal pain. Assess the predisposing factors and in Nasrin case these are recurrent headache and chest pain during stress like in exams etc. The precipitating factors were her grandmothers death and separation from her husband soon after her marriage and the maintaining factor is long term complaint of lower abdomen pain. Then ABC analysis of pr oblem was done by the consultant. Diagnose historical context of the problem, its assumptions and core beliefs. After that constructed a treatment and management plan .Afterwards socializing the client towards the self task. When client came to consultant initially in first session he/she should tell the client about the confidentially of their conversation for gaining faith of client, tells the cognitive therapy and regarding the estimated time of the therapy. CBT sessions are depends upon the patients problems and objectives. Generally with CBT results are better realized when sessions are between 6-20 and varies from 40 minutes to one hour each session. Every session is generally has a gap of one week or fifteen days. CBT cannot remove the patients problems but it can help to handle them in an optimistic way. Therapist helps patient to find ways by changing your thoughts and behaviour so that the patient cope with the problems in better way. (Sheldon, 2011). Consultant assesses the details of the problem as in this case Nasrin has a problem of severe lower abdomen pain. She suffers from this pain from a long time. She has heavy menstrual bleeding and severe lower abdominal pain. Her gynecologist was n ot agreeing to do surgery for this pain but Nasrins frequent visits and continuous pain problem agreed her to do surgery. Because of this continuous and sharp pain she influenced her surgeon and had hysterectomy in her young age. After six months of her surgery she felt no improvement in her pain. She visited to many specialists for finding the cause of her pain problem. But nothing was found by any specialist. Recently she felt chest pain and thought that she was having heart attack. But physician told her she is normal and this all was because of anxiety. She felt insulted with this comment. At last her GP influenced her to consult a clinical psychologist and clarify her that at times emotions made worse to medical problems. GP explained her that psychological assessments will better treat her condition. ABC analysis of Nasrin case: In this case A- activating events are the hysterectomy of client which was done at young age. Nasrin is separated from her husband and stay with her parents. B-Her rational thoughts and beliefs are that she is having severe pain in her lower abdomen. She also felt chest pain. She thoughts that she is pathetic for being like this .C- Consequences regarding the emotions she is nervous, irritated, shame and hurt also. In her behaviour she is always sad, there were crying episodes as sometimes the pain bring her to tears and she feels isolated also. After assessing Nasrin problem consultant gave her a questionnaire to do at her home .It is a questionnaire based on Hamilton anxiety rating scale (HAM-A). The main reason for giving this questionnaire to know the severity of symptoms of anxiety in patient. This scale contains 14 items and each of these items distinct by a number of symptoms. This scale calculates both psychic and somatic anxiety. Each item is scaled on 0-4 in which 0 means not present and 4 means severe. Total score range is 0-56 and if a person scores less than 17 it shows less severity and 18-24 means mild to moderate severity 25-30 means moderate to severe symptoms of anxiety ( Guy,1976,Hamilton, 1959). In her next visit Nasrin has to bring that filled questionnaire and consultant assessed those answers. In the next session consultant go through that filled questionnaire and identifies and clarified Nasrin problems by DSM IV checklist. The DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) is the usual classification regarding mental disorders and is used by mental health professionals in America. This has five axis in which Axis I covers clinical disorders, Axis II includes personality disorders and mental retardation. Axis III includes general medical conditions, Axis IV psychosocial and environmental conditions and Axis IV global assessment of functioning scale (American psychiatric association, 2000). Consultant assesses and found that she has a problem of pain disorder associated with psychological factors. Consultant took a detailed historical background in this visit. When consultant asked Nasrin about her background she told him that she was the youngest in her brother sisters. She has poor health since teenage. She has recurrent headaches from puberty but those head aches were not fit into migraine attacks and her grandmother died when she was 12 and her mother shows sympathy towards her after her grandmothers death. She has chest pain during stress. She was married when she was only 21 years old and left her university study because of her severe headache problem. Her husband left her after two years of her marriage. The reason for her separation was the high expenses due to frequent visits to doctors for her complaint of lower abdomen pain. After her separation she started work as personal assistant for supporting her. She lost her job soon because of continuous absent from her job due to her health problems. After that she shifted to her parents place and stay with them. Consultant listen all the background and gave Nasrin a homework task to maintain a daily pain dairy. In which she has to write at what time she has the pain as the pain starts in morning, afternoon or evening. Where is the pain in the scale of 0-10, in which 0 means no pain, 5 means moderate pain and 10 means worst possible pain. She has to write in dairy that what she was doing when the pain started. Did she take any medicine and what was the dose of that medicine? What were the other treatments she used? After one hour what the pain rate was in the rating scale like is it relived or gone worse. What are the other problems she faces? She has to maintain this daily pain dairy (AGS Foundation for Health in Aging, 2006) for one week till her next visit and bring it with her in her next visit. In her next visit the consultant gone through her daily pain dairy and identify her problem. Consultant done a counseling session about her hobbies and her likes and dislikes with her and in that conversation she told that she was previously used to write a personal dairy daily. But due to her health problems she didnt do this now. By knowing this entire, consultant asked her that why not she again start writing a book on her life and choose this as a smart goal for her. But she said that she is not able to do all this because of her health problems then consultant told her to just give this a try. In smart goal it is specific for Nasrin to write a book on her life story. This is measureable as the book will have 150 pages and her progress would be measured monthly. It will be an attainable goal as if she complete twelve and half pages in a month then she would have 150 pages by the deadline. This smart goal is realistic also as at times it will be difficult for Nasrin to get her tho ughts on paper, so she give herself enough time to complete her book. For time she has to finish this book in twelve months that means twelve and half pages in a month and150 pages in a year. So consultant advised her to work on this smart goal and she agreed on that. Generating Solution: For Nasrin consultant planned cognitive behaviour therapy for 6-12 weeks in which she has to continue her pharmacotherapy that means she has to continue her drugs prescribed by physician. She is advised for relaxation therapy and supportive psychotherapy for her anxiety problem. For relaxation therapy she has to do some relaxation techniques which helps in reducing tension of muscles and improving patients in general feeling of wellness and minimizes anxiety. Deep relaxation for 20-30 minutes reduces general anxiety, reduces the incidence and harshness of panic attacks. These techniques also good for sleeplessness and fatigue. It also increases self confidence and reduces the symptom of self blame (Bourne, 1995). In supportive psychotherapy, patient has to be supported for coping with stressors by many actions like carefully paying attention and cheering expressions regarding thoughts and feelings. Supporting the patient to understand the situation and its alternatives and trying to give a hope to patient (Douglas, 2008). Â   She has advised for some physiotherapy to support and tone up her lower abdominal muscles and keeps her body fit. Consultant advised Nasrin some preferred solutions for her problem. She has advised to do early morning yoga for half an hour. Then after her breakfast she is advised to visit local library for reading books on biographies. And coming back to home relax for some time and do some household works and after lunch go out for shopping and start socialising with friends and neighbours. In the evening watch tele with her parents. After dinner chat for some time with parents. Before going to bed while listening music try to write her biography. She has to follow the same till her next visit. After all these visits Nasrin is quiet satisfied and relaxed. Her episodes of pain are reducing day by day.

Comparing Apocalypse Now and Heart of Darkness Essay -- Movie Film com

Comparing Apocalypse Now and Heart of Darkness   Ã‚   In the opening scenes of the documentary film "Hearts of Darkness-A Filmmaker's Apocalypse," Eleanor Coppola describes her husband Francis's film, "Apocalypse Now," as being "loosely based" on Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness. Indeed, "loosely" is the word; the period, setting, and circumstances of the film are totally different from those of the novella. Yet, a close analysis of character, plot, and theme in each respective work reveals that Conrad's classic story of savagery and madness is present in its cinematic reworking. The story of Heart of Darkness is narrated by its central character, the seasoned mariner Marlowe, a recurring figure in Conrad's work. "Apocalypse Now" features a corollary to Marlowe in Captain Willard, a U.S. Army special forces operative assigned to go up the Nung river from Viet Nam into Cambodia in order to "terminate the command" of one Colonel Walter Kurtz whom, he is told, has gone totally insane. It is fitting that Marlowe's character should be renamed, as Willard differs from Marlowe in several significant ways: 1) He is not the captain of the boat which takes him and a party of others up the river; 2) He does not reflect the deep psychological and philosophical insights that are a signal feature in Marlowe's character, and 3) He is sent on his mission specifically to kill Kurtz, unlike Marlowe who is simply piloting others in the capacity of captain of a steamboat. However, Willard does communicate Marlowe's fascination (growing, in fact, into an obsession) with Kurtz. Al so significant is the fact that he holds the rank of captain, tying in with Marlowe's occupation. As to the character of Kurtz, it is worth noting that while signi... ...it, and Kurtz, whose soul went mad, all remain relatively in tact.  Ã‚   One can still feel "The horror, the horror,"    Works Cited and Consulted Brooke, Riley. "’Heart’ Transplant." Film Comment Sept.-Oct 1979: 26-27. Browne, Ray B, ed. Rituals and Ceremonies in Popular Culture. Bowling Green: Bowling Green University Popular Press, 1980. Conrad, Joseph. Heart of Darkness and The Secret Sharer (New York: Doubleday & Co., 1978) Coppolla, Francis Ford, dir. Apocalypse Now. Perf. Marlon Brando, Martin Sheen. 1981. Dittmar, Linda and Michaud, Gene, ed. From Hanoi to Hollywood: The Vietnam War in American Film. USA: Rutgers University Press, 1990. Hellman, John. American Myth and the Legacy of Vietnam. New York: Columbia University Press, 1977. Philips, Gene D. Conrad and Cinema: The Art of Adaptation. Dallas: Peter Lang, 1995.      

Management and its Functions Essay

Management is the process of coordinating people and other resources to achieve the goals of the organization. One key characteristic is the ability to empower rather than order employees to do their jobs. Effective empowerment depends on the leader and the employees building mutual respect, trust, and commitment. Leadership also possesses the ability to communicate by fostering an ongoing dialogue rather than issuing mandates. Now the leadership and management are defined, we can move on to describe management in terms of its four functions. These functions are identified as planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. How well managers perform these key functions determines whether a business is successful. Planning, in its simplest form, is establishing organizational goals and objectives and deciding how to accomplish them. It is the primary function, often referred as the â€Å"first† management function because all the management functions depend on planning. Managers engage in planning by determining where the firm should be going and how best to get there. Once goals and objectives have been set for the organization, managers must develop plans (or actions) for achieving them. A plan could be defined as an outline of the actions by which the organization intends to accomplish its goals and objectives. The company that I work for, 7-Eleven, I, as a manager, set a goal to sell as many products as possible to increase the sales. I have to ensure that the customer knows about the products we are selling. My number one target is the customer and the way to achieve is through my employees, who can provide the outstanding customer service and thus, the customer will come back. After goal setting and planning, the second major function of the management is organizing. Organizing is the grouping of resources and activities to accomplish effective and efficient results. From the reading, â€Å"Organizing activities include attracting people to the organization, specifying job responsibilities, grouping jobs into work unit, marshaling and allocating resources, and creating conditions so that people and things work together to achieve maximum success† (Bateman, 2004). Let’s first consider the example of an inventor who creates a new product and goes into the market to sell it. Eventually, as business grows, he/she will find that he/she needs  help. To begin with, he/she might hire a professional sales representative. Later, he/she might need to hire full-time sales staff, other people to assist with production, and an accountant. As he/she hires new personnel, he/she must decide what each person will do, and generally how that person can best take part in the organization’s activities. The way I work toward the organizing for the benefits of my organization is by providing at least week training to my staff about the products we are selling and its prices, promoting products to the customers, and ways to deliver excellent customer service. After a week of training, I oversee the employee I have trained, what I call as â€Å"shadow shift,† in which the trainee is evaluated for his/her performance. In addition, I hold weekly meeting with my employees for any questions, concerns, issues, and/or responsibilities. I delegate tasks to my personnel on daily basis and ensure that their obligations are understood clearly. The leading function is concerned with human resources within the organization. It is the process of influencing people to work toward a common goal as well as proving reasons for people to work in best interests of the organization. In other words, â€Å"It is directing, motivating, and communicating with employees, individually and in groups† (Bateman, 2004). Leading and motivating are critical activities for a growing company. Obviously, different people do things for different reasons – that is, they have different motivations. Some people are primarily interested in earning as much money as they can. Others may be spurred on by opportunities to get ahead in an organization. It is part of the manager’s jobs to determine what factors motivate workers and to try to provide those incentives in ways that encourage effective performance. For me, directing and motivating the employees is the most important function for the success of the company. I always tell my employees, â€Å"Be happy, and keep customers happy.† I believe that the communication is very important to keep the firm running smoothly; a good manager would always take care of his/her employees and make sure that they are appreciated for the hard work they put in. Therefore, I always encourage my personnel to talk over any issues or problems, if they have any, with me. Not only this, I always value them and make them realize that they are the most important component of the company and without them the  company can not move ahead. This way, a good relationship and trust is built between me and the employees and hence, the employees stay happy. With this, it gives them motivation to work for the best interests of the company. Regardless of how hard managers try, sometimes business activities don’t go as planned. Then, the fourth function, controlling, comes into play that evaluates and regulates ongoing activities to ensure that organizational goals are achieved. Reckon a rocket, for instance, launched to place a satellite. Do personnel simply fire the rocket and then check back in few days to find out whether the satellite is in place? Of course not. The rocket is constantly supervised, and its course is regulated and adjusted as needed to get the satellite to its destination. Thus, during this function, changes might be made to the plans in order to attain better success in the future. Therefore, the performance is compared and actions are taken according if necessary. Another example would be suppose that a specific firm establishes a goal of increasing its profit by, let’s say, 15 percent in a year. To ensure that its goal is reached, management might monitor its profit on monthly basis. After three to four months, if its profits have increased by 4-5 percent, then management might assume that the plans are going according to the schedule. Then, probably no action will be taken. However, if the profit has only increased by 1-2 percent, then the firm might take some actions or make some amendments to the planning to get things back on track. I can relate controlling to my organization because when the target is not reached to sell as many products as possible, I lower the price on the materials to meet the demands of the customers. For instance, if there’s a specific drink that is not selling as planned, I would try to sell it by promoting it for buying one sandwich and getting the drink free. A successful organization understands not only basic management functions, but also how to integrate these functions – planning, organizing, leading, and controlling – to improve revenues and profit and to win customer satisfaction needs. Each function tends to lead naturally to others; and if any one of the four functions is not conducted in effective manner, the company’s performance might fail. References Bateman, Thomas S. (2004). Management: The New Competitive Landscape, 6e. The McGaw-Hill Companies. Retrieved on August 10, 2004 from https://ecampus.phoenix.edu/content/eBookLibrary/content/eReader.h

teaching and migration in belgium essays

teaching and migration in belgium essays Het migrantenbeleid in Europa valt uiteen in twee delen: het migratiebeheersingsbeleid en het integratiebeleid of minderhedenbeleid, een term die in de Angelsaksische landen wordt gebruikt. Het migratiebeheersingsbeleid betreft nieuwkomers die geen verblijfsvergunning hebben. Er zijn vier mogelijke scenarios. Een eerste scenario is het huwelijk van een niet-EU-lid met een EU-lid. Zo komt het bijvoorbeeld in Limburg vaak voor dat Turkse migranten die in Belgi zijn opgegroeid trouwen met mensen uit Turkije. Een ander scenario is het asielbeleid waarbij de nieuwkomers asiel aanvragen in Belgi. Vervolgens is er het binnenkomen van nieuw-komers via een arbeidsvergunning. Zon arbeidsvergunning wordt in eerste instantie altijd voorlopig afgeleverd: meestal geldt ze n jaar en kan ze daarna verlengd worden. In principe wordt er na drie jaar een definitieve arbeidsvergunning gegeven. Dit gebeurt echter vaak alleen maar wanneer het beroepen betreft waarvoor men niemand vindt in Belgi en bij hooggekwalificeerden zoals Japanners en Scandinavirs. Ten slotte kan men ook nog binnenkomen als illegaal die al dan niet eerst in een asiel heeft gezeten. Het integratie- of minderhedenbeleid houdt rekening met de Belgische staatsstructuur. Op verschillende niveaus wordt een bepaald beleid gevoerd. Zo zijn de bevoegdheden van het federaal niveau de nationaliteit, de godsdienst en de ordehandhaving: het al dan niet toekennen van stemrecht, het toestaan van erediensten in een bepaalde godsdienst, de toegang tot het openbaar ambt... De gemeenschappen staan dan weer in voor onderwijs en vorming, cultuur, welzijn, taal- en jeugdbeleid. In de regel zijn aan deze bevoegdheden telkens een minister of een kabinet verbonden. Dan is er het niveau van de gewesten: het Vlaams, Brussels en Waals gewest. Deze zorgen voor de tewerkstelling (priv en openbaar ambt), de huisvesting en de gezondheid. Ten slotte ko...

Solare Energy Through Relays

Solare Energy Through Relays Free Online Research Papers INTRODUCTION: Solar energy, radiant light and heat from the sun, has been harnessed by humans since ancient times using a range of ever-evolving technologies. The Earth receives 174 petawatts (PW) of incoming solar radiation at the upper atmosphere. Approximately 30% is reflected back to space while the rest is absorbed by clouds, oceans and land masses. The total solar energy absorbed by Earths atmosphere, oceans and land masses is approximately 3,850,000 exajoules (EJ) per year. The amount of solar energy reaching the surface of the planet is so vast that in one year it is about twice as much as will ever be obtained from all of the Earths non-renewable resources of coal, oil, natural gas, and mined uranium combined. Solar energys uses are limited only by human ingenuity. A partial list of solar applications includes space heating and cooling through solar architecture, potable water via distillation and disinfection, day lighting, solar hot water, solar cooking, and high temperature process h eat for industrial purposes. To harvest the solar energy, the most common way is to use solar panels which are oriented in a specific direction. PURPOSE OF PROJECT: Since the solar panel is oriented in a specific direction, it uses the maximum possible solar energy when the Sun is exactly in front of it (i.e. the sun rays are normal to the solar panel). As the Earth moves around the sun or about its own axis, the solar energy striking the panel decreases and, therefore, the production of electricity from the panel decreases. In order to get the maximum benefit of solar energy, the solar panel must move relative to the Sun, as the Earth moves, without using any manpower. In this project, we have made the solar panel to move as the source of light moves to achieve the target of maximum electricity production with less labour. MATERIALS USED: Relays, Transistors, LDR, Motor, 12 volt supply METHOD: In this project, two LDRs control the motion of panel through motor. When the light falling on these LDRs is same the motor brings the panel in static condition by stopping its rotation. As the light source moves, it changes the intensities of light on both LDRs i.e. more intensity on the LDR which is near to the source of light. This results in the rotation of motor in order to move the panel so that the light falling on both LDRs becomes equal. The polarity of the motor is controlled by H-bridge which is made by means of relays. A third LDR, whose sensitivity is greater than the two LDRs, is also used in order to cut the main supply when the two LDRs are in dark. CONCLUSION: Since the solar energy is very much available and is also a safe source from environmental point of view, its use is increasing day by day. Still we are not making the most of solar energy but the benefits of solar energy can be increased to a large extent if use solar energy tracking systems like this in order to meet the recent demands of energy in the World. This system requires no labour to change the orientation of solar panel. So it is also attracting from economical point of view. AKNOWLEDGMENT: In the making of this project, a great support of our university, teachers and friends is also involved. We are very thankful to all our teachers and friends who helped us and gave their valuable time as well as guidance to us. Research Papers on Solare Energy Through RelaysBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfPETSTEL analysis of IndiaAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementMind TravelGenetic EngineeringRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanThe Project Managment Office SystemThe Spring and AutumnIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalOpen Architechture a white paper

Discussion Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 11

Discussion - Coursework Example Older adults with lower education levels are not able to monitor their blood pressure, therefore, medical practitioners should focus in aiding such individuals. These medical practitioners can focus on educating the community on the risks, causes, and treatment plans for the condition. In regard to the setting, resources that are available in this community that can aid in meeting the requirements of the target population include education, group counselling, and community empowerment fairs at senior homes. Dire areas of education in prevention and management of this condition include increasing the nutritional standards and engaging in regular exercise programs. Programs such as farm to school programs and health assessment and screening ought to be implanted in this area (McDonald, Hertz, Unger, & Lustik, 2009). Challenges I anticipate includes illiteracy in the target population, communication barriers as I may use medical terms which the community members may find hard to comprehend, and lack of participation of some community members. Despite these challenges, I aim to achieve my set goal of lowering the rate of hypertension among the elderly in this

Essay quextions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Essay quextions - Assignment Example ndergone through historical changes way back from pre-capitalist societies, capitalist societies, mercantilism as well as neoliberalism it can also be changed to suit the changing trends in market economy. To improve on our ability to live in a multicultural world; we should have a keen attention on our consumption patterns, have knowledge on circumstances and impacts of what we consume to enable us act responsibly. This will give us room to be able to join others in challenging inequity and injustice brought about with the capitalists to laborers and consumers. This is because the intrinsic nature of man will not allow others to also benefit the same, instead, the capitalists will continue with their spirit of accumulation not considering the working conditions of the laborers and consumers not able to have the right quality of goods that they are suppose to have in the name of cultural capitalism across the globe (Sorrells 177). Since cultural and ethnic diversity is not a new phenomenon; the argument of the three scholars about difference is that people should accept the reality and desirability of diversity and then be able to structure political and economic life accordingly. The difference is only created by the few individuals whose motives are only embedded in a capitalist system that which is organized around competition over the scarce resources, domination, identity and self-centered ambitions. Therefore, what is more important is a notion of the common good to any political society; from a multicultural perspective, this common good must be generated not by transcending or ignoring cultural and other differences, but through their interplay in a dialogical, agonistic political life (Allan 52). A sense of belonging must ultimately be political, based on a shared commitment to a political community. Since commitment, or belonging, must be reciprocal, citizen will not feel these things unless their p olitical community is also committed to them and makes

How industrialization changed family life (1900s-1950s era) Research Paper

How industrialization changed family life (1900s-1950s era) - Research Paper Example (Berlanstein, 1992) Industrial Revolution began in Britain in eighteenth century with little innovations in different sectors like Textile, Steam engine and Iron making which gradually spread over other regions across the world in the nineteenth century. These innovations and technological advancement took off economical instability and replaced fine growth in economic stability which ultimately changed people’s perception of Industrial Revolution. It undoubtedly increased the rate of average income and people were quite enthusiastic with their rising living standards but people were ignorant about the cost they had to pay in return of this materialistic growth. Concentrating more on nineteenth century, in the first two decades of 19th century, metal machinery tools were produced which were further used to manufacture heavy industrial machineries which eventually contributed enormously in formal industrialization across European Countries. The industrial growth within the span of fifty years was so magnificent that people were completely unaware of the fact that they are demoralizing their family traditions like having dinner together or being a part of a family time or events. SONGS OF INNOCENCE AND SONGS OF EXPERIENCE: (Blake, 2008) Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience is a compilation of fifty four short poems by William Blake. It is divided into two sections: Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience. In these two sections he beautifully composed the rhymes through which he artistically delivered his thoughts to the readers that how a human soul is conflicted between the two contrary states of satisfaction and suppression. William brilliantly examined that a childhood is a period where innocence lies within but it is also sensitive to the fallen world of corruption, injustice and oppression. He mentioned and raised a voice against people or society who spoils the childhood by fear, oppression and inhibition. William further stated that human p sychology proves that how a human soul rejoice when it is set free and how it gets suppressed when it is kept isolated. William Blake was a smart mind and raised a major issue through his simple sweet poems. He indirectly created the guilt and targeted the people who for the sake of some pennies kept child labors which was cheaper, more hardworking and could be kept under pressure. He protested against child labor through his beautiful compilation of thoughts and vision over Innocence and Experience. CHILDHOOD LABOR: (Griffin, Emma, 2011) says that during the time of industrialization in Britain, almost every working class child was labored and it is an indigestible truth that majority of Britain Children did not enjoy the freedom of physical and mental growth through education and play. Children from mediocre class were bound to work to support their fragile families. (Humphries, 2010) interrogated with the autobiographers who had their childhood in between 18th and the 19th centur y and they all were not excited what they did in their childhood, neither they had a healthy relationship with their parents because they felt that their major rights of being a free happy child was taken away in return of hard work, responsibilities and hunger. Humphries presented a remarkable compilation of autobiographies which illuminated the harsh truth of Industrial Revolution in 19th century

Fair-value accounting change Essay Example for Free

Fair-value accounting change Essay The role played by the financial market in determining the levels of performance that can be recorded by the economy is not in doubt.   The 2008 economic crisis is a vivid reminder to all policy makers and even governments to ensure that issues that affect the economy are objectively addressed. The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) which is a key player in the financial sector appears to be oblivious of its role in the economy and has once again used its mandate to develop a standard that is not relevant to business let alone accounting.    The move to adopt the mark-to-market accounting standard is a dark mark in American accounting history that may in fact lead to poor practices within the financial systems that have proven to be potent to the economy. It took America nearly 15 years to develop its constitutions; strategic management specialist have time and again pointed to the close relationship that exists between rapid change and failure and the FASB has for years taken months in seeking suggestions and deliberating upon them before making any proclamation that may affect the nature of the business environment[1].     All these are events or standards that the business world and America as a whole has come to accepted as being reflective of factors that affect the business environment. The speed with which the mark-market standards moved from proposal to being a standard brings about questions on objectivity[2].   A look at the last two times that America has found itself in crisis it has been the financial systems that duped to investors by inflating their performance or potential.   It is unlikely that such a hurried process which eliminates systems that have protected American investors will be of any good. FASBs modification of its rules is often waited upon with anticipation by all players in the business world.   The change in the fair value rules or standards is the main area of controversy in FASBs changes.   While the banking and financial institutions have praised the move as an effort to reduce the negative effect that previous standards had on developing a clear picture of their performance[3], investors are worried stiff on the effect that it will have on disclosures by banking and financial institutions that are traditionally known for overvaluing their assets and even performance. The fair value accounting rules had been blamed by a number of financial institutions that are notably under pressure from the 2008 economic crisis for being irrelevant to inactive markets. The mark-to-market accounting system that has been presented by FASB allows companies to use their judgment to gauge prices of some investments and backed securities.   Analysts were quick to note that the measures could in fact impact on the net income and affect bank write downs.   Pro mark-to-market standard institutions have hailed the changes with statements like the mortgage and market was not working and something had to change.   This is reflective of the true objective behind the move.   Investors who have been defrauded by American institutions in a number of occasions are wary of the changes that place them in a position where they are susceptible to exploitation by the financial community. The integrity of a development is largely dependent on the process that culminated in its existence.   Under this consideration, investors are innocent of unnecessary suspicion developed from poor past experiences.   The series of event that culminated into the existence of the mark-to-market standard is a reflection of the negative effect that the congress can have on effective decision making.   In his presentation on March 12th the chair of FASB did not mince his words in pointing out the faults that are inherent of the mark-to-market standards that the financial community was pushing for. The definition presented by Herz which should be presumed of FASBs definition of fair value is that it is the worth of an asset being exchanged between two informed parties[4].   In ending his statement the chair stated that America is in a challenging time that requires improvements in nearly all sectors and by trying to suppress financial information offered to investors there is little that will have been done to change the conditions.   His statement is a pointer to the misinformed objective that the change may affect the position that America currently is in and the existence of fair value system within financial practices. Whatever happened between 12th March and April 2nd is best left to Americans imagination.   The congress pressure has especially been cited by the media and being central to the changes that FASB made in fair accounting standards.   The same rule which had been dimmed lacking in objectivity became relevant to the American dilemma in a space of three weeks.   The hurried implementation of the change is the unspoken variables that belie its objectives. A pro derived from the development is the awareness that America is in a desperate position which needs to be addressed with immediate effect.   Moreover, the negative effect that bad performance within financial institutions had on the stock market may soon be historical events as financial agencies have been given a leeway to confuse investors and hide poor performance.   Profits that have not been evidenced since the likes of Enron went down may soon be usual and the same can be said of the pain that investors underwent in the turn of the century. The cons are clear especially sidelining of the effects that the operational environment has on operations.   The development allows for businesses to operate in a manner suggestive of independence from the operational environment while investors who may be aware of the prevailing environment are subjected to these daydreams.   The results may be increased wrangles within management boards, unethical practices within financial institutions and reduced confidence on financial disclosures which goes against their objectives. If any one thought that the FASB is perturbed by the controversies surrounding the development then they are in for a big surprise.   The FASB has practically done nothing and has sat back with some postulating that the next step they take may involve providing organizations with an environment where they can alter the value of all their assets at will. The standards used by investors and   financial players under the environment developed by the mark-to-market standards is non-uniform and may lead to a number of upheavals and even miscommunication that negatively affect value generation. It is evident from Herz’s speech on March 12th that the mark-to-market standard is a non-objective measure to curb the effects of the 2008 crisis.   The pressure placed on the FASB by the congress whose affiliation to financial heavyweight is not a mystery is central to the change.   This is not the first time such a development is being recorded for the French President played a pivotal role in some controversial changes made by the GAAP[5]. Investors should only worry for the short term for such subjective developments have historically proven to be uneventful.   It is only a matter of time before the follies in the mark-to-market standard that are actually known to all parties in the business fraternity manifests in the practical environment with dire results.   Changes that are appreciative of the operational environment will then be the only way out.